BACK TO REFERENCES AND ABSTRACTS
Preparation
1. Effect of Acrylic Potassium Salt Polymer on the Phase Stabilization of Ammonium Nitrate
MEI Zhen-hua1, QIAN Hua1, 2, Lü Chun-xu1
1. School of Chemical and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2. National IEM Testing Laboratory, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: The effect of acrylic potassium salt polymer(APSP) mixed with ammonium nitrate(AN) on phase stablization of ammonium nitrate was tested by DSC and XRD. The results show that when the addition amount of APSP was more than 2.0%, it could prevent Ⅳ-Ⅲ phase transition of AN and raise the Ⅲ-Ⅱ phase-transition temperature up to 110℃. There are two effects when use acrylic potassium salt polymer as crystal phase stabilizer, one is potassium cation replacing NH+4 in AN and the other is polymer coating ammonium nitrate on the surface.
2. Optimization of Preparation Process for Spherical Agglomerated Boron Particles
FAN Xue-zhong, PANG Wei-qiang, XU Hui-xiang, LI Yong-hong, SHAO Chong-bin
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: The parameters for perparation of spherical agglomerated boron particles with solvent evaporation process were optimized by orthogonal experiment. The effect of curing temperature and curing time on the appearance and distribution of particle size of spherical agglomerated boron particles were studied. The spherical agglomerated boron was characterized by SEM. The results show that the spherical agglomerated boron particles prepared by the optimum preparing method were smooth, regular in morphology. The optimum conditions are:stirring rate, 70r/min;solidified time, 7days;temperature, 20℃;mass ratio of B and binder, 9∶1;curing temperature, 70℃.
3. Study on the Hydrolysis of TADFIW under Alkaline Condition by Online Infrared
SUN Sui-zhou1, JIN Shao-hua1, LI Li-jie1, CHEN Shu-sen1, WEI Tian-yu2, LI Zhi-hua2
1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Co., LTD, Baiyin Gansu 730900, China
Abstract: The hydrolysis of TADFIW under alkaline condition was studied using the online infrared. The results show that the hydrolysis of the two formamides on the TADFIW's six-member ring can be easily carried out at room temperature.But the two acetamides of the TADFIW on the five-member ring almost have no reaction, even if the temperature rised to 60℃ and reaction time extended to three hours.Under the condition, through the hydrolysis of TADFIW, TAIW can be obtained, and further hydrolysis reaction can not take place, if only the reaction condition be changed.
4. Preparation and Proterties of Submicron PYX
LIU Lan, WANG Ping, ZENG Gui-yu, QIAO Zhi-qiang, ZHANG Juan
Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang Sichuan 621900, China
Abstract: Submicron PYX with high purity was prepared by spray recrystallization method and its thermal properties, mechanical sensitivity and short-duration pulse shock initiation property were investigated. The results indicate that the prepared particles are flakiness, mean size is 0.945μm with narrow distribution, specific surface area is 9.3m2/g and purity reach 98.1%.Comparing with original PYX, the peak temperature of thermal decomposition and thermal explosion temperature of five seconds explosive delay are all decrease;the impact sensitivity of ultrafine PYX decreases from 68% to 12% while friction sensitivity increases from 36% to 60%. Short-duration pulse shock initiation property of ultrafine PYX was investigated using the loading technique of electrical explosion of metallic foil drive the polyester film flyer to produce short-duration pulse shock wave, the results showed that the shock initiating voltage threshold under the condition of 50% initiation probability is 2.55kV.
5. Oxidative Amination of 2-Amino-3, 5-dinitropyridine-1-oxide
CHENG Jian1, LIU Zu-liang1, YAO Qi-zheng2, ZHOU Xin-li1, WANG Ai-ling3
1. School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2. School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
3. Shandong Machine Co.Ltd(Group), Zibo Shandong 255201, China
Abstract: Oxidative amination of 2-amino-3, 5-dinitropyridine-1-oxide was studied with aqueous ammonia as amination agents and KMnO4 as oxidant under different conditions. The effect of the type of solvents, concentration of the aqueous ammonia etc on the yields and composition of amination products was investigated base on oxidative amination mechanism. The results show that the best conditions are:DMSO as solvent and bubbling NH3 into the solution, the yield of the 2, 4, 6-triamino-3, 5-dinitropyridine-1-oxide was up to 80%, and the content of 2, 6-diamino-3, 5-dinitropyridine-1-oxide was decrease to 0.4%. The structure of 2, 4, 6-triamino-3, 5-dinitropyridine-1-oxide was characterized by 1H NMR, IR and MS.
6. Modification of Activated Carbon and Its Application in Decolorizing Yellowing UDMH
CHEN Li-ping1, GOU Xiao-li2, LI Xia2
1. The 96604 Units of PLA, Beijing 100085, China
2.Chemistry Department of the Second Artillery Engineering University, Xi'an 710025, China
Abstract: The decolorization of UDMH was carried out by adsorption with activated carbon. The activated carbon used is modified with strong ammonia water, 1mol/L NH4Cl and 0.5mol/LNaOH solution. The results show that activated carbon for modification made the quantity of surface oxy acidity functional group decrease and the quantity of basic functional group increase. The adsorption isotherm show that the adsorption process of yellow substance in UDMH on the activated carbon is endothermic. The adsorbed quantity and decolorizing effect of the modified activated carbon to UDMH by NaOH solution are better than those of original activated carbon.
7. Modifing Coated Ammonium Nitrate by Using Supercritical Fluid Anti-solvent Process
CHAI Tao, YANG Xiao-fen, FAN Xiao-jun
School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: In order to decrease the hygroscopicity of AN and enhance the fluid and disperse properties of AN, supercritical fluid anti-solvent process is used in ammonium nitrate coating in which nitrocellulose is chosen as covering material, acetone as cosolvent and CO2 as anti-solvent, respectively. The influence of temperature, pressure and speed of extraction for the system on the coating effect is investigated. The hygroscopicity of coated samples is measured. The coated samples is analyzed by SEM. The results show that the temperature in the process is the key factor affecting the coating quality. The pressure and speed of CO2 also have some effect. The optimum conditions of the process are: temperature, 31 ℃, pressure, 10 MPa, CO2 release rate, 10-15 kg/h, and the mass fraction of nitrocellulose, 1%. The hygroscopicity and fluid and disperse properties of coated ammonium nitrate are improved obviously.
8. Dinitration of 2, 6-Diamino(4-amino)pyridines
CHENG Jian1, LIU Zu-liang1, YAO Qi-zheng2, ZHOU Xin-li1, DU Yang1, 2
1. School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2. School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
Abstract: In order to study the factors affecting the nitration products yield and proportion of byproducts of aminopyridine nitration reaction, the dinitration reaction of 4-aminopyridine and 2, 6-diaminopyridine was carried out in mixed acid and super acid.It was observed that nitration products yield increased greatly in super acid system, and proportion of byproducts was reduced.In mixed acid system, the yield of the 4-amino-3, 5-dinitropyridine and 2, 6-diamino-3, 5-dinitropyridine was 55% and 66.4%, respectively, and the proportion of byproducts was 5%-8%;While in super acid system, the yield of the products increased to 85.5% and 92%, respectively, and the proportion of byproducts decreased to 0.5%. The structure of the aminonitropyridines and byproduct was characterized by 1 HNMR, IR and MS.
9. Preparation of RDX/SiO_2 Film by Sol-gel Method
WU Zhi-yuan, HU Shuang-qi, ZHANG Jing-lin, WANG Jin-ying, JIANG Xia-bing, LIANG Yi-qun
Chemical Industry and Ecology School of North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: Silica sol was prepared by sol-gel method at specific molar ratio and silica gel formed at constant temperature(55℃) through ageing some days while the acetone solution dissolving hexogen(RDX) was dropped into the gel system. The white and sub-transparent RDX/SiO2(mass ratio is 4∶1) composite film was acquired by dipping and pulling glass substrate out of the gel after drying. The effect of temperature and ageing time on the film was discussed. The experiment results show that if the content of binder keeps constantly and the temperature constant, with the decrease of sol ageing time, the composite film will become thin and smooth, but having less viscous and crack after dying.Contrarily with the increment of ageing time, the composite film will become thick and more viscous, but having agglomeration. The SEM micrograph shows that the particles of RDX and SiO2 distribute uniformly in the composite film. The components of RDX/SiO2 composite film preparing by sol-gel method are controlled randomly, it will display potential application value in micro-initiators and pyrotechnics.
10. Surface Modification of Phase Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate and Its Application in Solid Composite Propellants
ZHANG Xu-dong, LI Jian-min, YANG Rong-jie, ZHAO Xin-qi
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: In order to Strengthen the interface interaction between PSAN and adhesive system, silane coupling agent KH792, which can forming hydrogen bond with PSAN, was selected to coat PSAN particles.Modified effects of PSAN was characterized by SEM and XPS.It was shown that the surface morphology of coated PSAN changed greatly and the coating layer was integrated considerably, the contact angles of NG and DEGDN on the surface of modified PSAN were reduced by about 56% and 63%, respectively, the rate of absorbing moisture of modified PSAN was reduced by about 15%.Adding the modified PSAN into BAMO-THF/PSAN propellants, the test results showed that tensile strength of the propellants enhenced by about 65%, ratio of dewetting reduced by about 20%, and process properties was obviously improved.
11. Anti-Aggregation Technology of the Superfine Powder of AP
DENG Guo-dong, LIU Hong-ying
National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Centreof Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: In order to solve the aggregation of the superfine power of AP, the aggregating mechanism of AP superfine powder was studied. The ways of coating AP raw material by NC and then the coated AP being crushed by jet mill were researched. The experimental results showed that the superfine powder of AP made by this way reduced its hydroscopicity highly and AP after stored for 30 days in the air, has no aggregation and its particle size is about 2.5μm. This superfine powder of AP has the same burning effect for propellant as AP superfine powder by just crushing. This way of coating AP by NC can prevent the superfine powder of AP from aggregating and can make it possible for the superfine powder of AP to be used for the propellant with high burning rate after its storage in the air.
12. Analysis Method and Mechanism of TNT Exudation
PAN Guo-zhi
Qingyang Chemical Industry Corporation, Liaoyang Liaoning 111001, China
Abstract: Aiming at the exudation test standard of TNT and its analytical method. The exudation mechanism of TNT is studied by gas chromatograrhy, micro-balance and microphotography. The pour molding, press loading and serew pressing simulated experments of TNT shell charge and the TNT exudation experiment under different temperture of each shell charge are performed. Finding that the TNT exudation test method is not a kind of serious and accurate determination method and its testing mechanism is inconsistent with the present shell charge technologies of TNT, and the present exudation test standard is backword, and shall be cancelled, and suggesting that using the solidifying point as the criteria of classing TNT and high seperation effect gas chromatography to inspect and control the impurities of TNT for directing the production of TNT and the shell charge processing of TNT to ensure the quality of shell charge.
13. Preparation and Shape Control of Micron HNS
Lü Chun-Ling, ZHANG Jing-lin, HUANG Hao
School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: HNS particles were prepared by spray-drying. Shape form and particle size controlling of HNS was discussed. The results indicated that volatile rates of solvent under different inlet temperatures were variant greatly. Surface defects of roughness or breakage could be caused by excessively high or low inlet temperature. The average grain size of HNS increased with the increase of solution concentration. Feedstock was a major factor for size and shape controlling of HNS. The average grain size of HNS increased with increasing the feedstock, and the shape of HNS correlates with the establishment of drops on the high-speed atomizing runner under different feedstock. Smoothing-spherical and high-purity HNS grains from 1 to 6μm were prepared. SEM、 XRD and HPLC were used to observe the characteristics of HNS particles.
14. The Influence of Conditions in Spray Drying Process on Morphology of Micronization HNS
XU Wen-zheng1, HUANG Hao2, WANG Jing-yu3, ZHANG Jing-lin3
1. School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Aerospace Science and Engineering;Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
3. National Defense Key Subject Laboratory of North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: HNS explosive was micronized by spray drying process. The influence of factors such as different entrance temperature, solution concentration and pump velocity on the particles′ morphology were investigated. The results indicate that the surface of the particles will gradually appear large crack with increasing of entrance temperature.While for too large solution concentration, the particle size will become larger. The surface crack will augment if the solution concentration is too little. The pump velocity has little effect on the particle morphology.However, it was shown that an increase in the pump velocity results in a significant increase in particle size. The experimental results will establish foundation for preparation of micronized HNS.Crystallization model of HNS in spray drying process was established and validated.
15. Study on Equilibrium and Kinetics of 4A Molecular Sieves Adsorption of Small Amount of Water from UDMH
GOU Xiao-li, WANG Xuan-jun
The Second Artillery Engineering Institute, Xi'an 710025, China
Abstract: The adsorption characteristics of small amount of water in UDMH on 4A molecular sieves were studied. The isothermal adsorption data were measured, and fitted well by the models of Langmiur and Freundlich.According to the kinetic data, the Crank mono pore model was used in fitting the kinetic data and to calculate the diffusion coefficients of the different temperature and the active energy(Ea=28.22kJ/mol)of water on 4A molecular sieves were worked out. The dynamic breakthrough curves in fixed-bed were also made on a residence time of 60 minutes. These results provide the basis for design of adsorption process.
16. New Development of Hydrazinium Nitroformate at Abroad
ZHAN Fa-lu, SONG Ming-gang, XU Yan-bo, LI Yi
The 46th Institute of the Sixth Academy of CASIC, Huhhot 010010, China
Abstract: The current situation about high energy oxidizer of hydrazinium nitroformate(HNF) at abroad was introduced with 13 references. The investigated results showed that, ultraviolet visual spectroscopy might replace the titrimetric analyses to increase the accuracy of HNF purity determination and reduce the cost of quality control.By the method of using hydrazine hydrate instead of hydrazine and recovery of methylene chloride and methanol solvent, the cost of HNF production was substantially reduced and the negative effects on HNF quality were not detected. The quality and production yield of HNF were improved by reducing excess amounts of hydrazine hydrate and filtering and washing of raw HNF on the production day.It has been demonstrated that new crystallization methods, such as ultrasound crystallization, crystallization under pressure, co-crystallization and nano-particle inducing crystallization, could effectively control HNF particle size and distribution, aspect ratio, and decrease the sensitivity and improve the stability of HNF.
17. Preparation of HMX Ultrafine Particles by Supercritical CO_2 Method
GAO Zhen-ming, CAI Jian-guo, LONG Bao-yu, FAN Zhen-ying
Chemical Engineering Research Center, ECUST, Shanghai 200237, China
Abstract: The effect of pre-expansion pressure, concentration of HMX in acetone, sample residence time and other factors on ultrafine particles and crystal properties of HMX was studied. The results show that the mean particle size(MPS) of HMX obtained by SC-CO2 is not bigger than 350nm and some of the HMX particles is less than 100nm.With increasing the pressure, the MPS decrease and HMX particles size distribution(PSD) narrow. The initial feed concentration of HMX in acetone solution affects the MPS and PSD of HMX. The lower the initial concentration contributes to the smaller crystals and narrower PSD of HMX. The residence time and nozzle diameter to some extent respectively impact the crystal size and morphology of HMX.
18. Technical Way of Improving the Mechanical Performance of Composite Propellant
GUO Huili, NING Jian-hui, WANG Guo-qiang
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: The major factors affecting the mechanical performance of composite propellant and the bonding mechanism of different kinds of bonding agent, such as aziridine, amine alkoxide and its derivatives, neutral polymer, organoboron are introduced. The mechanical performance of composite propellant can be improved by chain extender such as propylene alcohol, diglycol and antioxidant H.Improving adhesion bond between solid filler and binder in a certain formulation by improvement of network and morphological structure of binder phase is the main technical way to enhance mechanical performance of propellant at present with 31 references.
19. Study of a New Technology about Microwave Desiccation of RDX
LI Yong-xiang, CUI Jian-lan, WANG Jian-long, CAO Duan-lin
School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: RDX with 10% moisture content was studied by using specialized microwave vacuum desiccator. The effects of several factors on drying time of explosives were discussed in detail. The results showed that under certain drying conditions, such as vacuum 0.080MPa, microwave power 1400W and explosive thickness 20mm, the complete drying time of RDX with 10% moisture content is 1090s, which is far less than the conventional drying time of 7-8h.Optimum drying time is obtained with the explosive thickness of 15-20mm. The properties of RDX, such as mechanical sensitivity, can not be affected by microwave vacuum drying.
20. Agglomerated Technology for Amorphous Boron Powder
PANG Wei-qiang1, FAN Xue-zhong1, ZHANG Jiao-qiang2, HU Song-qi2
1. Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
2. Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Abstract: The agglomerated boron with good roundness and the particle size range from 0.105mm to 0.19mm, was prepared by a dry method. The effects of various factors on the preparation of agglomerated boron were studied in detail and the best craftwork parameters determined. The results show that the surface shape of agglomerated boron was greatly improved when amorphous boron was modified by means of agglomerated technology. The density of agglomerated boron increased with the increase of rotate speed of centrifuge rotor.Agglomerated boron has good roundness in the condition of long solidified time, low solidified temperature and appropriate solvent.After agglomerating the amorphous boron powder with HTPB, the surface of boron powder has a membrance coated by HTPB.
21. Study on Water Dispersion Polymerization of NPBA
LEI Bei, DENG Jian-ru, CHEN Lang, WU Hong-jian
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Abstract: The water dispersion copolymerization of neutral polymeric bonding agent applied in NEPE propellants was studied.Its composition and molecular weight were controllable.Acrylonitrile(AN) and βhydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA) was used as comonomers.Various factors influencing the copolymerization were investigated.Viscosity-average molecular weight of the products were measured by Ubbelohde viscometer, hydroxyl content of copolymers were measured by acetylation method, compostion of copolymers were analyzed by elemental analysis and the structure of copolymers were characterized by IR. The results showed that the best condition for copolymerization were:the quality of AN, HEA, polyvinyl alcohol, β-mercaptoethanol, potassium persulfate and water were 8 g, 2 g, 0.1 g, 0.847 g, 0.45 g, 100 g, respectively;reaction temperature 60 ℃;reaction time of 2 h. The yield of NPBA was 82.0%, viscosity-average molecular weight was 5200 and hydroxyl content was 2.08 mmol/g.
22. The Optimum of Test Condition on Particle Size of Ultrafine Explosive Powder
TANG Wei-ping, GAO Jun-lin
Henan Polytechnic Institute, Nanyang Henan 473009, China
Abstract: The particle size and particle size distribution analysis of ultrafine PETN was carried out by Brookhaven 90 Plus laser particle size analyzer. Effect factors in preparation of samples for particle size and particle size distribution analysis were studied, and the optimum condition was obtained.Results indicate that using distilled water as the suspension agent, sodium hexametaphosphate as the best dispersion, the condition of supersonic is intermission vibrate for 80 seconds and the suitable test concentration is 220 to 300 μg/mL. The test results in the optimum conditions agreed well with the SEM photograph of the sample. This test method can be used for other ultrafine explosive.
23. Improving Mechanical Property of CMDB Propellant Containing Nitramine with Bonding Agent
ZHANG Xiao-hong~(1, 2), ZHAO Feng-qi~2 , TAN Hui-min~1
1.Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: The effect of dewetting on the mechanical property of composite modified double base (CMDB) propellant containing nitramine and the dewetting mechanism are discussed. Various technique approaches, by which the mechanical property of CMDB propellant would be improved, are summarized. It is supposed that using the bonding agent in the formulation of CMDB propellant is the most effective and practical way to enhance the adhension strength between filler and binder. The types of bonding agents and their recent development in the application of solid propellants containing nirtamine are reviewed. Finally, the difficulty and the principle of selecting the bonding agent for CMDB propellant containing nitramine are analyzed, indicating that it is not only necessary but also feasible to employ the bonding agent in formulations of CMDB propellant.
24. Improving Mechanical Property of CMDB Propellant Containing Nitramine with Bonding Agent
ZHANG Xiao-hong~(1, 2), ZHAO Feng-qi~2 , TAN Hui-min~1
1.Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: The effect of dewetting on the mechanical property of composite modified double base (CMDB) propellant containing nitramine and the dewetting mechanism are discussed. Various technique approaches, by which the mechanical property of CMDB propellant would be improved, are summarized. It is supposed that using the bonding agent in the formulation of CMDB propellant is the most effective and practical way to enhance the adhension strength between filler and binder. The types of bonding agents and their recent development in the application of solid propellants containing nirtamine are reviewed. Finally, the difficulty and the principle of selecting the bonding agent for CMDB propellant containing nitramine are analyzed, indicating that it is not only necessary but also feasible to employ the bonding agent in formulations of CMDB propellant.
25. Effect of Surfactant on the Preparation of α-Fe_2O_3 by Refluxing of FeCl_3 Solution
WU Dong-hui~1, SHI Xin-yu~1 , WANG Xin~2
1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China;
2.Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: α-Fe_3O_3 particles were prepared by refluxing forced hydrolysis method. Effects of surfactant on the preparation rate of α-Fe_2O_3 using FeCl_3 solution as starting material were systematically studied. The experiment results showed that when added a small amount of CTAB to reaction system, the formation rates of α-Fe_2O_3 were significantly promoted, polycrystal α-Fe_2O_3 were completely converted only refluxing 24 h, and the initial concentration of FeCl_3 solution could reach 0.25 mol/L, but in the absence of CTAB, the product was α-FeOOH; added DMF could also promote the formation rates; but added SDS to reaction system, the formation rates were retarded. The mechanisms of the effect of different surfactant on the formation rates were also analyzed. In addition, the products were characterized by XRD, TEM methods.
26. Preparing Technology of PBX Based on HMX/NTO
CHAI Tao, WANG Jin-ying, ZHANG Jing-lin
Department of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: The preparing technology of HMX/NTO based PBX composition was explored by water slurrying method and supercritical CO_2coating technique. The obtained products were analyzed by component analysis and IR. The results indicate that the water slurrying method is unsuitable for preparing the PBX composition containing NTO for its solution in water, whereas supercritical CO_2 coating technology is an effective approach without any pollutant in preparation of NTO based compositions.
27. Preparation of Fine TATB-BTF Core-Shell Composite Particles
YANG Guang-cheng, NIE Fu-de, ZENG Gui-yu
Institute of Chemical Material, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
Abstract: The energetic core-shell composite particles have been paid more and more attention because of their interesting properties and many potential applications. The fine TATB-BTF core-shell composite particles have been prepared by spray drying method. Fine TATB particles have been coated by BTF particles crystalized on the surface of TATB particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the morphology of particle surface had been changed, which indicated that TATB particles had been coated. The ratio of the number of BTF and TATB on the surface was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermal behaviors of composite particles have been analyzed by DTA. The results show that the particle size of core is the principal factor affecting the coat effect of fine TATB-BTF core-shell composite particles.
28. Effect of Preparation Technological Condition on Particle Size of Sub-micron TATB, Zhang Jing-lin, Chen Ya-fang, [College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China], Wang Bao-guo, [State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China]
Abstract: The sub-micron TATB was prepared by solvent-nonsolvent technique. The effect of preparation technological condition on the particle size of the sub-micron TATB was studied. The effect of major factors was studied by means of single factor test and orthogonal test, and the energy output of the sub-micron TATB and that of its raw material were tested. It was proved by experiment that major factors affecting particle size of TATB were temperature difference between solution and water, solution concentration, mixing speed, solution adding rate and drying method. Optimized technological conditions obtained by orthogonal test are: temperature difference between solution and water, 70℃; solution concentration, 23.6g/100mL; mixing speed, 1600r/min; adding rate, 0.75mL/s and vacuum refrigerator drying. The temperature difference between solution and water is the most important factor that affects particle size of the product. Energy output of the sub-micron TATB is higher than that of its raw material.
29. Preparation and Performances of Inorganic-organic Nanostructured Ablative Material
GAO Jun-chi, YANG Rong-jie
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijng 100081, China
Abstract: In order to prepare insulator material with low linear ablative rate, smoke and density, the inorganic-organic nanostructured ablative material was prepared with octavinylsilsequioxane(OVP) and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber(EPDM) by twin roller mixer. The mechanical properties, linear ablative rate, smoke and density of the EPDM insulator materials were determined. The results show that compared with the EPDM insulator materials containing ammonium phosphate, part replacement of OVP for APP lowered linear ablative rate greatly, from 0.077 mm/s to 0.056 mm/s, smoke and density also declined.
30. Preparation and Properties Test of High Performance Modified Single Base Gun Propellant
WANG Qiong-lin, LIU Shao-wu, YU Hui-fang, LIANG Yong, ZHANG Yuan-bo, LI Li
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: A new high energy deterred single base(HEDS) gun propellant was prepared by using high nitrogen content single base multiperforated gun propellant containing process solvent as main material, and HEDS propellant was produced by two steps, first absorbing nitroglycerine(NG) and second absorbing polymeric deterrent in water.Compared with single base propellant, tests revealed that HEDS propellant had higher energy, more progressively burning rate and lower moisture absorption. The energy of HEDS propellant increased with higher NG and lower deterrent contents.HEDS propellant had excellent progressively burning characteristics, and strongly influenced by deterrent content, these can be explained by HEDS propellant′s special layered structure and composition.HEDS propellant′s ignition property needs to be improved.
31. Study on Nitration of Toluene in the Presence of Br■nsted Acidic Functional Ionic Liquids
QI Xiu-fang, CHENG Guang-bin, DUAN Xue-lei, Lü Chun-xu
School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: To investigate a green nitration reaction road of toluene, the activity of 1-(4-sulfonic acid) butylpyridinium-based ionic liquids[SO3H(CH2)4Py]X(X-=pTSO-, BF-4, NO-3, HSO4, CF3COO-) in the nitration of toluene with diluted nitric acid(67%) was investigated by studying the effects of the amount of ionic liquid, reaction time, reaction temperature and different anions(X-) on the reaction.It was found that [SO3H(CH2)4Py]HSO4, offering two protic acidic positions, performed the best catalytic activity in the nitration reaction because of better yield of mono-nitration products and less side-reactions than others. The conversion of toluene of 45.9% and the yield of mono-nitrotoluenes of 39.6% with ortho/para=1.18 were obtained when the molar ration toluene to HNO3 was 1∶1, reacting for 12 h at 70℃ in the presence of [SO3H(CH2)4Py]HSO4(5%). There was no dinitrotoluenes found from GC-MS, and the main side-product was benzoic acid. The ionic liquid could be reused for 4 times.
32. Purification of Amorphous Boron Powder with Solvents
XU Hui-xiang, ZHAO Feng-qi, LI Xiao-yu
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: In order to improve the rheological property of amorphous boron powder with HTPB binder, the boron powder was purified with ethanol and distilled water. The effect of purification on surface performance of boron were characterized with X radial fluorescent spectrograph, HAAKE rheometer, acidity meter and XPS. The results show that the content of B can be increased by purification, the surface acidity of boron reduces and the apparent viscidity and yield value of B/HTPB mixture increase slowly with the increase of mixing time. The boron concentration analysis of different boron powder by XPS indicates that a sort of boron compound BXO exists in boron powder surface with the binding energy of 189eV, which maybe form from parts of B2O3, H3BO3 and B in some kind of complex compound and prevents the dissolving of B2O3 and H3BO3 from boron powder surface. The analysis of purified residue indicates that the purification with ethanol and distilled water is benefit to remove H3BO3 in boron surface, and purification with distilled water can remove a small quantity of B2O3. Therefore, as a pretreatment method, the purification of boron has good effect to some extent.
33. Study on HMX Coated by In-Situ Polymerization
HUANG Heng-jian, YANG Pan, HUANG Hui, LI Jin-shan
Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Mianyang Sichuan 621900, China
Abstract: In order to find a new method for preparing plastic bonded explosive(PBX) moulding powders, syclotetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX) was coated by a layer thermoplastic polymer using in-situ polymerization, and three kinds of HMX moulding powders coated by hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB), glycidyl azide polymer(GAP), copolymer of 3, 3-bis-azidomethyl oxetane and tetrahydrofuran(BAMO-THF) respectively were prepared accordingly. The moulding powders were analyzed by optical microscope, microscope-FTIR, and XPS, elemental analyses, impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity. The results show that HMX particles were uniformly coated by a layer of polymer. The content of binder is about 4%-5%.In comparison with pure HMX, mechanic sensitivity of HMX particles coated by HTPB had a remarkable decrease, but those by GAP and BAMO-THF only had a slightly decrease.
34. Preparation and Properties of High Energy Emulsion Explosive
YE Zhi-wen, Lü Chun-xu
School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: The W/O type high energy emulsion explosive was prepared by mixing explosive components of ammonium nitrate with ethylenediamine dinitrate and composite fuel oil containing molecular emulsifier through emulsifying technique. The size of matrix particle obtained is less than 3μm, having good physico-chemical properties, explosion properties and high strength.Its detonation velocity is 5800m•s~(-1), brisance 17.2mm, power 360mL, explosion critical diameter 12mm;It owns stable storage capability and can circulate 32 times. Especially, it possesses excellent resistance to water, its detonation performance changes little after being inundated with water for 24h, and can substitute for some military explosive in wartime. The formation mechanism of high energy emulsion explosive and the microstructure of emulsion matrix were studied.
35. Preparation and Properties of Responsive Hydrogen Peroxide Gel with Silicon Dioxide as Gelator
LIU Kai-qiang~1, CHEN Tian~1, ZHANG Ying~1, FU Quan-jun~2, FANG Yu~1
1.Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
2.165~(th)Research Institute of China Aerospace Science & Technology Group, Xi'an 710100, China
Abstract: The H_2O_2gels were successfully prepared by vibrating at low temperature. The gelling behavior and stimuli-responsiveness of H_2O_2gel with SiO_2 micro/nano-particles as gelators were studied. The thixotropic property of some H_2O_2gel has been studied using the R/S soft-solid tester. The results show that both the size and the surface properties of the SiO_2particles employed affect their gelation ability significantly, and the hydrophilic SiO_2 nano-particles have stronger gelling abilities than hydrophilic SiO_2micro-particles hydrophobic SiO_2micro/nano-particles can not gel H_2O_2. The H_2O_2gel with the hydrophilic SiO_2nano-particle as a gelator prepared exhibits great temperature-or shear-sensitive properties. The higher the concentration of H_2O_2 in the gel, the greater the responsiveness of the gel to the stimuli.On the bases of the experimental studies, a model for the explanation of the gelation and the gel stimuli responsive properties was proposed.In addition, It was also found that the addition of small amount of surfactant or HF can improve the stability of the gel significantly.
36. Preparation of Core-Shell Composite Materials Containing Ultra-Fine AP
WANG Bao-guo~(1, 2), ZHANG Jing-lin~2, CHEN Ya-fang~2, WEN Li-qun~2
1. State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.College of Chemical Engineering & Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: The ultra-fine HMX, AP, CL-20 and Al-FPM2602 core-shell composite materials were prepared by supercritical anti-solvent(SAS) method.Mixtures of ultra-fine HMX, AP, CL-20 and Al were coated by FPM2602 precipitated on the surface of mixtures.Hygroscopic test of the core-shell composite materials coated with and without FPM2602 shows the anti-hydroscopicity of the core-shell composite materials have obviously improved, which indicates that there is FPM2602 on the surface of the mixtures. The impact sensitivity, flame sensitivity and explosion temperature of five seconds delay of the core-shell composite materials were carried out, The results show that compared with uncoated materials, the properties of the core-shell composite materials were improved to a certain extent. SAS technology is an effective method of preparing the ultra-fine composite materials without any pollution
37. Influence of Impurities in TNT on Charge Quality
LIU Jun~1, LI Shu-qi~2
1.Wan Xi Machine Factory, Hefei 230022, China
2. Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: The influence of impurities in TNT on the charge quality is studied by the determination method of solidifying point(T_s). The results show that the rating of evaluating good/fair charge quality by T_s value is 80.3℃ for TNT from factory and 80.4℃ for TNT of stocking 0.5 year. The results show that TNT containing impurties can improve the charge technological property.
38. Regioselective Nitration of Toluene with Nitric Acid in the Presence of Solid Super Strong Acid ZrO_2-TiO_2/SO_4~(2-) Catalysts
LIU Li-rong~(1, 2), Lü Chun-xu~1, LI Xia~1
1. Department of Chemistry, Najing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005, China
Abstract: The solid super strong acid catalysts of ZrO_2/SO_4~(2-) and TiO_2/SO_4~(2-)and a series of ZrO_2-TiO_2/SO_4~(2-) with different atom ratios of Zr/Ti were prepared. The optimum conditions of preparing the catalysts were investigated. The effect of all kinds of factors, just like different atom ratios of Zr/Ti of catalysts, calcinations temperature of catalysts, nitrated reaction time, nitrated reaction temperature and recovered catalyst, etc.on the regioselectivities of toluene in mononitration with these catalysts was researched by gas chromatography(GC). The results show that, when the nitrated reaction temperature was controlled at 40℃, and the nitrated reaction time is 60min, nitration of toluene by using 65% nitric acid as nitrating reagent in the presence of acetic anhydride, ZrO_2-TiO_2/SO_4~(2-)(atom ratio of Zr/Ti 1∶1) solid super strong acid catalyst calcinated at 500℃ for 3h, show high regioselectivity, up to ortho-paro isomer ratio of 0.90 in product distribution of toluene nitration, greatly below 1.67 as sulfonitric acid as catalyst, and gave a yield of 92.9%. The catalyst could be reutilized up to five times with little decrease in activity and is a clean nitrated reaction catalyst which has vast prospects.
39. Research and Development of the New Generation High Performance Cellulose-based Bonder
SHAO Zi-qiang, YANG Fei-fei, WANG Wen-jun, WANG Fei-jun
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: In order to expatiate on the foreground of the new generation energetic bonder research and development, a shortcoming of low energy, brittleness at low temperature and turning soft at high temperature of the NC powder caused by the rigidity of the NC molecular chain is presented.With the help of the recent research with the internal and overseas status, the necessity of developing the new generation cellulose-based and high performance energetic bonder, the chemical structure, actuality and applied direction of the new energetic bond are summarized. The cellulose plasticized by long carbon chain at the flank, azidonitrified and nitrified at the hydroxyl as a high performance bonder can enhance the synthetical performances of the propellant, e.g.high energy, desenisitivity and low signal.
40. Surface Coating of Superfine Boron Particles With Lithium Fluoride
ZHANG Jiao-qiang, ZHANG Qiong-fang, GUO Ji-ying, PANG Wei-qiang, KOU Kai-chang
The Chemical Engineering Department of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710072, China
Abstract: The surface of superfine boron powder was coated with lithium fluoride prepared by reacting LiOH with HF by the neutral precipitation method. The effect of the concentration of LiOH solution on the coating effectiveness of superfine boron particles was studied. Transmission Electron Microscope, rotary viscometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the coating effectiveness of boron particles coated with LiF. The results show that the film on the boron particles is well distributed and compact and the thickness of film is about 25 nm. The analysis results obtained by acidity-instrument and rotary viscometer show that coating of LiF can enhance the value of PH of the solution with boron and effectively reduce the viscosity of HTPB system. The analysis of ignition delay time and combustion residues shows the ignition delay time of B/MA/AP/HTPB propellant obviously reduced after coated by LiF from 70.475s to 23.585s. The burning efficiency of B in propellant was obviously improved after coated by LiF, and the amount of substance proportion between B and B_2O_3 decreases from 37.5∶1 to 3.1∶1.
41. Interactional Mechanism of the Interface Between CL-20 and Some Bonding Agents
ZHANG Bin, LUO Yun-jun, TAN Hui-min
School of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: The properties of CL-20 crystal coating with four bonding agents and interaction mechanism of the interface between them are studied by XPS and MIR. The results indicate that a layer of viscous film of bonding agent on the surface of CL-20, the induction effect of the nitro group in CL-20 molecule on the functional group of bonding agent are formed, proving that bonding agent is available for coating CL-20.
42. Heat-resistance of TATB-filled Fluoro-copolymer by Using DMA Technique
LI Yu-bin, LUO Shi-kai
Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
Abstract: The heat-resistance of TATB-filled fluoro-copolymer was studied by using DMA technique and validated with mechanical property. The effects of the size of TATB particles and the preparation methods of samples on dynamic mechanic property of TATB-filled fluoro-copolymer were discussed. The results showed that:(1)the heat-resistant temperature of PBX with large TATB particles was higher than that with small TATB particles; (2) the heat-resistance of sample prepared by isostatic press was superior to that of sample pressed mechanically; (3)the mechanical property of TATB-filled fluoro-copolymer was changed sharply at the heat-resistant temperature, showing that DMA technique can be used to assess the heat-resistance of TATB-filled fluoro-copolymer.
43. Experimental Investigation on Modification of Fluidity of Expanded Ammonium Nitrate Explosive by Organic Acid Solid Combustible Agent
ZHOU Xin-li, LIU Zu-liang, Lü Chun-xu
School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: Based on theoretical analysis and experiments, an approach of substituting diesel by solid combustible agent, was presented to improve fluidity of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive. The influences of two kinds of typical organic acid solid combustible agent on explosion properties, fluidity and hygroscopicity of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive were investigated in details. The results show that the substitution of diesel partly by solid combustible agent acting as reductant, does not influence on explosion properties, and can improve fluidity of expanded ammonium nitrate explosive. This technology couldn't result in pollution and toxicity and meets requirements of clear production.
44. Interaction between HMX and Dendritic Bonding Agent
PAN Bi-feng, LUO Yun-jun, TAN Hui-min
Department of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
Abstract: A dendritic bonding agent (DBA) that can adhere to HMX filler is successfully reported. The coating properties are characterized by Micro infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adhesive degree can be up to 100% from XPS analysis, the adhesive degree increases by increasing of CN group content. The results indicate that H-bond and induction effect are formed between DBA and -NO_2 groups. So DBA is proved to be a kind of valid bonding agent for HMX.
45. Preparation of Ultrafine Particle of HMX Explosive Using the Technology of High-speeding Impinging Streams
CHEN Qian, HE De-chang, XU Geng-guang, TAN Zheng, Cheng Ri-qing
LAB of prevent and control of explosion disaster, Beijing institute of technology, Beijing100081, China
Abstract: The ultrafine particle of HMX is prepared by using high-speeding impinging streams under different technological conditions, and the influence of dispersant and preparation technology on the particle size of HMX is studied. The result shows that it is possible to prepare nano-HMX explosive particle using high-speeding impinging streams.
46. Adsorption Behavior of Acrylonitrile-styrene Copolymer on TATB Explosive
LEI Yan-ru~(1, 2), Luo Shun- huo~1, Liu Yong -gang~1
1. Institute of Chemical Material, CAEP, Mianyang621900, China
2. The 96411 Army Unit of CPLA, Baoji721006, China
Abstract: The adsorption isotherms and dynamic equilibrium curve of acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer(AS) on TATB have been measured by using UV method. The effects of temperature, concentration of sorbent, the kind of solvent and the specific surface area of sorbent on the adsorption behavior of AS on TATB particle have been inspected. The results show that the time needed for the adsorption equilibrium of AS on TATB particle is about 35 hours. The adsorption isotherm exhibits the typical sigmoid shape. The adsorption amount of AS on TATB particle decreases with increasing the concentration of sorbent or rising the adsorption temperature. The kind of solvents and the specific surface area of sorbent is the principal factor affecting the magnitude of the adsorption amount of AS. The adsorption of AS on TATB surface in non-solvent is easier than that in good solvents. The larger the specific surface area of TATB is, the more adsorption amount of AS is.
47. Effect of Primer on Adhesion between Silicone Rubber Inhibitor and Propellant for the Testing of Constant Pressure Burning Rates
YANG Yong-zhong, BAO Guan-ling, LI Li-rong
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: The paper relates to three types of primer, which can keep strong adhesion between the silicone rubber inhibitor and the propellant. The adhesive shear strength is more than 2.0 MPa. Moreover, the primer can keep the adhesive activity after it is exposed to air for a long time. The test of constant pressure burning rate shows the adhesion strength between the silicone rubber inhibitor and the propellant can meet the requirement for measuring the burning rates of propellant at high pressure.
48. Factors Affecing the Polyacrylamide Gelling
CAI Sheng, WANG Ze-shan
University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
Abstract: Several factors of the preparation for polyacrylamide gel by Cr~(3+) crosslink reagent in the exidant solution solvent of high concentration oxidant are discussed. Some correlative factors, such as the consumption of the polyacrylamide, the preparation of crosslink reagents, the temperature of crosslinking and the viscosity changing of gelling are studied. The gel studied in this paper is mainly used for preparation of perfusion explosive.
49. The Technology of Explosive Particle Formation with Supercritical Fluid
WANG Baomin
North China Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: In the paper, the influence of the different factors on the ultrafine results are analysed in theory, and a number of experiments are done in supercritical fluid CO2 to get the ultrafine HMX particles. The results show that pressure is the principal factor controlling the particle size and its distribution.
50. Effect of Additives on the Modified Composition B
XU Ruijuan, LUO Hong, WANG Xinfeng
Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
Abstract: The distribution of each component in composition B was investigated by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope(LSCM) and Scanning Electronic Microscope(SEM). It was discussed that how the plastifier and polymer which were added to composition B reduced the exudation and improved mechanical properties. Moreover, the composition of the exudation was analyzed by GC/MS.
51. Controlling Approach for the Burning Gases Generation of Single-base Propellant
ZHAO Qilin
Lu Zhou North Chemical Industries CO., LTD, Luzhou 646003, China
Abstract: By coating the surface of the porous singlebase propellant with the monomer of polymer (G) and initiator (Y) and polymerizing them into a polymer coating layer, the burning gas generation of singlebase propellant can be well controlled. The singlebase propellant has good properties of progressive combustion and low temperature coefficient.
52. The Application on Binders in Low Vulnerability Ammunition
WU Xiaoqing, XIAO Zhongliang, WANG Huan
North China Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: The objective of this work is try to evaluate the performance of LOVA formulas which contained 4%～6% PNP. CA, CAB and EC were chosen as the binder. Based on test results, some regulation about the effect of binders on vulnerabilities and force of LOVA have been discussed.
53. Rheological Behavior of AP(SH)/HTPB Suspensions
WEI Qing, LI Baoxuan
Northwestern Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: The rheological behavior of superfine AP/HTPB suspensions, which is based on Boronbased fuelrich solid propellant, for AP with loading fractions, surface properties and its surfactant has been studied, using the improved NDJ4 Rotary viscometer by us. The results indicate that the suspensions appear as the pseudo plastic behavior mainly due to the interaction among AP particles from binder system. The surface property of superfine AP may be improved by SH.
54. The Influence of Preparation Method on the Particle Structure of Ultrafine TATB
ZENG Guiyu1, NIE Fude1, ZHANG Qirong1
Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
Abstract: The ultrafine TATB was prepared by several methods and its particlesize, particlesize distribution, particle shape, pore volume and porosity destribution were also charaterized in the paper. The result indicate that the size of more than 97% particles for submicron TATB sample is inferior to 0.2 μm. The particles prepared by gaspulverizing and synthesizing method were spherical with wide particlesize destribution, nonuniform size and a dint on the surface. The particles prepared by recrystallizing method were sticklike, uniform and narrow particlesize destribution. Freezing dry was beneficial for lightening the congregation of particles.
55. Study on the Neutral Process for Preparing HAN
JING Deqi , ZHANG Xuzhu, JIN Chong
North China Institute of Technology, Taiyuan030051, China
Abstract: Based on experiments, this paper studied the neutral process for preparing HAN from HAS in water. The influence of charging way of reagent, reaction temperature and concentration of reacting substances on the yield of HAN was discussed. An optimal production condition was obtained by the orthogonal experiment.
56. Mechanism Study on Application of Surfactant in Submicron Explosive Technology
YUAN Feng ying, QIN Qing feng
North China Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: In the paper, two kinds of ultrafine HNS were tested by OMEC Laser Particle Sizer LS 800, the results showed that the explosive produced by adding the surfactant had more perfect particle size and particle size distribution than the other. In addition, the work mechanism of surfactant was studied in theory. It's showed that adding surfactant was very available to prepare ultrafine explosives.
57. The Studies on the Suitable combination of coating RDX with a Bonding Agent
YU Hong jian, ZHANG Li han, LIU Xiao gang
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: RDX was coated with PVAM (vinylacetate butylacrylate copolymer) or CAB(cellulose acetate butyrate), and the mechanical property of propellant containing the coating RXD were determined in this paper , The results show that the mechanical properties of the propellants can be apparently improved by the suitable combination of the coating RDX with a bonding agents
58. Epoxy Resin for Inhibition of Rocket Propellant
GAO Chao, GAN Xiao xian, QIU Shao jun
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Abstract: In this paper, the application and development of epoxy resins act as the inhibitor of rocket propellant are reviewed; the recent progress of work is also introduced.
59. Preparation of Ultra-fine BTF Particles
ZENG Gui yu, NIE Fu de, LIU Yan
Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
Abstract: Uitra fine BTF particles are explored by machine grinding method and solvent/non solvent crystalling method. Presently, BTF particles's size can not be fined efficiently to sub micron degree by impact crystalling method, while sub micron ultra fine BTF particles can be gained through machine grinding method. Then the sub micron BTF particles whose average particle size is 0.744 μm and its specific surface area is 19.95 m 2/g were prepared using machine grinding method, but the preparation efficiency of mechanical grinder's is rather low and wastage of energy is great.
60. Current Status of Polyurethane Inhibitors and Prospect
SHI Ai juan, QIN Guang ming, WANG Ji gui
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: This paper introduces the current status of domestic and abroad polyether, polyester polyurethane inhibitors, and puts forward some personal suggestions on development of polyurethane insulators.
61. Preparation and Molecular Structure of CHZPA
YANG Li, ZHANG Jian guo, ZHANG Tong lai
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: This paper deals with the preparation method and molecular structure analysis of picric carbohydrazide The product was characterized by element analysis and IR measurement. The crystal structure of (CHZPA) was determined by single crystal diffraction analysis The crystal is monoclinic with space group P2 1/c. The unit cell parameters are as follow : a =1.1840(2) nm, b =1.3096(2) nm, c =0.8261(1) nm, β =109.21(1)°, V =1.2096(3) nm 3, z =4, D c =1.783 g/cm 3, μ (Mo K α)=160 m -1 , F (000)=656? R =0.0457, WR =0.1243.
62. Study on the Interfacial Binding Strength of the End-surface-binding Coated Propellant
RUI Jiu hou, WANG Ze shan
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: The effect of the coated propellant charge controlling gas producing rate, lowing ballistic temperature coefficient and improving the muzzle velocity is partly came from the effect of the coating layer. To the coated propellant of grain end surface binding the prefabricated coating layer (GESBPCL), the properties of the coating layer such as thickness, density, strength, etc., have been controlled exactly according to the requirement of ballistic design and propellant charge design, and the effectiveness and reliability of the effect of the coating layer controlling the gas producing rate of charge rely on the interfacial binding strength (IBS) between the coating layer and base grain. Hence, the IBS of the GEBSPCL propellant was tested by the fall hammer test, and the influences of the binding technique conditions to the IBS of the GEBSPCL propellant was studied. The good adhesive and binding technique conditions were selected by the tests. The GEBSPCL propellant grains of high IBS was prepared.
63. Study on Preparation and Properties of RDX/Al Superfine Composite
YANG Yi, XU Jian hua, LUO Fu sheng
Superfine Powder Technolgy, Institute of Nanjing University of Sci. & Tech., Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: To research the influence of superfining and compounding on the properties of the explosive, the RDX/Al superfine composite powders are prepared in YLG model stirring grinding machine. The composite powders prepared in different grinding media (water and alcohol) are compared and studied. The composite particles are studied on their diameters, particle appearances, properties of thermodynamics, particle compositions and explosive heat, using particle diameter sizer, SEM, DSC, XRD and explosive heat testing machine respectively. The study results indicate that the water grinding media may contribute to the compounding of particles, while the superfining and dispersing of particles is attributed to the alcohol grinding media. And the coming into being of energetic (C 2H 5O) 3Al improves the explosive heat of sample grinding in alcohol. To explain the phenomena, models on the superfining and compounding of particles and the thermolysis of superfine RDX/Al composite explosive are formed. And the models are well in accord with the experiment results.
64. Preparation of Core-shell Superfine Composite Powders
FU Ting ming, LI Feng sheng
Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: The preparation technology of core shell superfine powder, including mechanism, heterocoagulation, seed heteropolymerization and deposition is reviewed. The main principle and main problem of each method are discribed. The new development of each method is also in iutroduced.
65. Preparation of Aromatic Aldehyde by Autoxidation of Mono-substituted Toluene in Liquid Phase
CAI Min min, L U•• Chun xu, WEI Yun yang
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: It is investigated that preparation of aromatic akdehyde by liquid phase autoxidation of mono substituted toluene in acid or alkali system. Some process parameters such as temperature, reaction period, oxygen flow rate, and substrate concentration are compared. Different mechanism in acid or alkali system, radical reaction or carbanions, is also discussed.
66. Study on Mechanical Property of EMCDB Propellant Shaped by Granule-casting Process
LI Xiao-jiang, QIN Guang-ming, FAN Xue-zhong
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: Elastomeric modified cast double base (EMCDB) propellant, which has good mechani cal properties and plateau burning-effect, has been first successfully prepared by granule-casting in China. The effect of combustion catalyst and the cross- linking density and antifr-plasticizing agent on the propellant's mechanical pr operty has been studied, the characteristics of the propellant's mechanical prop erties are described, the reasons for the characteristics has been analyzed. It was found that the granule-casting process has an advantage over silt-casting process.
67. Study on Mass Transfer Characteritics of Membrane Extraction in Toluene-TNT-Water System
LI Jian-sheng, HAO Yan-xia, WANG Lian-jun
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: Membrane extraction process is investigated in this paper, every transfer equati on of Toluene-TNT-Water system is obtained. The equation is proved by experime nt. The result shows that the relative error of the obtained transfer equations is within 10%. The accuracy of equations is satisfactory.
68. Analysis on Effect of the Foaming Technology on the Microstructure of A New Ammunition
MA Zhong-liang, YAO Ai-qin, LIU You-ping
North Chain Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030051, China
Abstract: Through observing the microstructure of the new ammunition made in differently f oaming technology (the weight and the size of the foaming agent, foaming time an d temperature) under the Scanning Transmission Election Microscope, we have anal ysed the main factors which affected the microstructure of the new ammunition. T he study could provide the reliable experimental data for improving the foaming technology.
69. Study on the Preparation of Ultrufine Particle of Explosive Using the Technology of Direct Dilution
SIMA Tian-long, YAN Ji-sheng
GanSu YingGuang chemical Industrial Complex, Baiyin 730900, China
Abstract: In this paper, micron ultrafine particle of explosive was prepared using the tec hnology of direct dilution. It also Introduced the fundamental principle of this method and gave the experimental result of testing the particle size of ultrafi ne PETN and RDX.
70. The Sensitivity and the Surface Characterization of HMX/TATB BASED PBX
NIE Fu de, YANG Xue hai, ZHANG Ling
Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Abstract: In order to obtain a formulation with high energy output and low sensitivities, the influence of the amount and the process of wax used in the HMX/TATB based molding powders on the sensitivities were studied. The results show that the influence of the amount of wax on the mechanical sensitivity, such as impact test, friction test, and H 50 is very large, but on the thermal sensitivitiy such as 5s exploding point and 1000s thermal exploding citical temperature is little. At the same time the surface characterization of the molding powders was studied by scanning electric microscopy (SEM) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the relation of the surface properties and the sensitivities was discussed too.
71. Progress on the Production of Isophorone Diisocyanate
ZHANG Xiang wen, MI Zhen tao, WANG Chun yan
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Abstract: Isophorone diisocyanate is industrially prepared using phosgene with a high selectivity, but phosgene has a strong toxicity and a strict control is needed when handling this compound. Nonphosgenation methods, especially reaction between IPDA and DMC, are clean production processes with mild reacton condition as well as satisfactory conversion and selectivity. Results of the economic comparison indicate that the product value using nonphosgenation process is about 5.45% more expensive than with the conventional method. Nonphosgenation methods are benign to environment and so they are promising in the future.
72. Study on the Reaction Form of Urea and Nitrourea in Nitrating Agents
ZHANG Yue jun
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: This paper presents the studies on the reaction form of urea or nitrourea which condenses with nitrolysis fragments of urotropine to form Keto RDX in nitrating agents. Different yields of Keto RDX resulted from different methods to feed urotropine and urea (or nitrourea). Studies in several kinds of nitrating agents manifested that feeding urea or nitrourea before urotropine resulted in the highest yield of Keto RDX while feeding urea or nitrourea after urotropine tended to the lowest yield, and that feeding nitrourea usually yielded higher than feeding same mole amount of urea did under same experimental conditions. This proved that nitrourea was a more suitable reactant than urea to synthesize Keto RDX.
73. Study on the Property Modification of Double base Propellants to Ball Propellant
XU Jian hua, WANG Ze shan
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: In this paper, the property modification of double base propellants to ball propellant has been introduced, and discussing the effects of the adding substance's content and crushing degree on the pseudodensity and diameter of ball propellant. It also discussed the influence of the use level of solvent; the dehydrate agent concentration and the driving solvent rate on products.
74. Selective Nitration of Toluene with Nitric Acid on the Cross linked Pillared Bentonite Catalysts
L U•• Chun xu, PENG Xin hua
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: Para selectivities oi toluene nitrations were enhanced by using nitric acid as nitrating agent in the presence of cross linked pillared bentonite catalysts.Ortho to para ratios were greatly below 1.67 as compared with sulfonitric acid.Of a range of NH + 4、H +、La 3+ modified aluminium cross linked bentonites, La 3+ modiried bentonite appears to be the optimum catalytic selectivity and reactivity, up to 0.75 in a ratio of ortho and para nitrotoluene.
75. The Investigation of Surface Modification of TATB Particle
WANG Xiao chuan, HUANG Hui, NIE Fu de
Institute of Chemical Material, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
Abstract: Some parts of TATB particle have been active and the surface modification has been achieved through the surface of TATB treated by physics methods including microwave and ultraviolet ray irradiation. The effect of the surface modification has evaluated by measurement of calorimeter, analysis of subsidence behaviors and the identification by FTIR PAS. It shows that the characters surface of TATB have been impoved, the wetting ability and the reactivity with bonding agent have been strengthened.
76. Study on Properties of the Coated AN with Polyvinyl Butyral
ZHANG Jie, YANG Rong jie, LIU Yu fei
School of Chemical Technology and Materials Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: The liquid phase separation techniques is adopted to coat AN with ployvinyl butyral (PVB). The properties of the coated AN are studied. The results show that the effect of coating is good. Absorbtivity and Caking capability have greatly reduced. The absorption peak of crystal transition of ⅡⅢ shifts to higher temperature and even vanishes.
77. Study of Technology on the Preparation of Ultrafine Particle of Explosive Using the Technology of High speed Impinging Streams
WANG Wei min, ZHAO Xiao li, ZHANG Xiao ning
Ordnance Engineering College, Shijiazhuang 050003, China
Abstract: Many factors affecting the particle size of the sub micron ultrafine HMX prepared by technology of high speed impinging streams were analysed. Through the prependicular experiment, the best technology elements were performed.
78. Investigation of Micronizing for Explosives by LG Grinders
LIU Hong ying, LI Chun jun, BAI Hua ping, LI Feng sheng
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: In this paper, the principle and main characteristics of LG grinders are given. Main factors which affect the micronizing process of explosives, such as HMX and RDX, are investigated. The minimum particle sizes of these two materials by the LG grinders are got. As a result of the investigation, the approach of explosives and pyrotechnics micronizing by LG grinders has many advantages such as safety, low power consumption, high grinding efficiency, stability of product quality and so on.
79. Study on Binding Property Between Silicone Rubber Inhibitor and Double base Propellants
WANG Ji gui, LI Dong lin, ZHANG Yan, NIU Shu ping
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, Chian)
Abstract: The type of silicone coupling agent, concentration and retaining time after brushing the coating, have a great influence on binding property. Enviroment humidity, temperature and curing rate of the inhibitor are also key factors. Such factors as above are discussed in this text. Results show that excellent formula of the coating and its adhesive technique can solve the problem of binding between silicone rubber inhibitor and double base propellants.
80. Immobilization of Titanium Dioxide to Degrade Aqueous Phenol Solution by Photocatalysis
LI Ying bo
Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
Abstract: The photocatalytic degradation and oxidation of aqueous phenol solution had been studied under high pressure mercury lamp.It showed that phenol was remarkably photolized under the condition of the experiment.Meanwhile, the study on the relation between the photo degradation and some factors had been undertaken, Such as initial pH of phenol solution, the volume of H 2O 2 Solution etc.
81. The Thermal Oxidative Stabilty of Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether –urethane
LUO Shan guo, CHEN Fu tai, TAN Hui min
School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: The effect of four types of stabilizers on the thermooxidative stability of nitrate ester plasticized polyether urethane was investigated by TG. Phenothiazine efficiently protected the polyether urethane binder but accelerated the decomposition of nitrate esters. Triphenyl phosphite provided prominent stabilization only when used in combination with other stabilizers. Good results have been obtained for both polyether urethane and nitrate esters when using 2, 6 di t butyl 4 methyl phenol(BHT) as stabilizer. Based on the analysis of stabilizing mechanism, hindered phenolic antioxidant such as BHT was suggested to be the best stabilizer for polyurethane binder in propellant.
82. The Effect of Additives on the Forming Properties of TNT
HE De chang, XU Jun pei, CHAI Hao, LIU De run
School of Mechanic and Electronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: In this paper, the effect of additives on the forming properties of TNT has been studied. The results of test show that the plasticizer and polymeric additive play an opposite role on the forming properties of TNT, but the mixed explosives which forming property better than military TNT can be manufactured by selecting the amount and the ratio of plasticizer and polymeric additives.
83. Influence of Additive in IMX on Density of Eutectic Explosive Pellet
SONG Pu, ZHANG Cheng wei, ZHANG Yi an, XIAO Yun tan
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: The orthogonal design method was used to optimize the additive components of IMX for increasing the density of eutectic explosive pellets. It was found that the primary factors which had influence on density of pellets and the interaction between factors. The optimization components were obtained and the data fitted by linerized regression were compared with the experimental results.
84. Separation and Identification of the By-product from Nitrolysis of Tetraacetyldichloracetylhexaazaisowurtzitane
LIU Li hua, OU Yu xiang, CHEN Bo ren, XU Yong jiang, LEI Xiang yang
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: Tetranitodichloracetylhexaazaisowurtzitane (TNDCIW) can be prepared by nitrolysis of tetraacetyldichloracetylhexaazaisowurtzitane (TADCIW). The obtained crude product contains a small amount of impurity. It was separated by column chromatography and identified by FTIR、 1 H NMR 、MS(CI) and elemental analysis. It is concluded that the impurity is pentanitromonochloracetylhexaazaisowurtzitane (PNMCIW), and this probably provided some evidences for improving nitrating conditions of TADCIW.
85. Investigation on Nitration of Monosubstituted Benzene with Nitrogen Pentoxide
CAI Chun, LU Chun xu
Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: Nitration of toluene, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene in inactive organic solvents have been investigated. In mononitration of toluene, the ratio of p MNT have an increase more than 5%, in nitration product of chcorobenzene, the ratio of o MNCB could be increased obviously, and the retio of m DNB could be reached as high as 97% in nitration product of nitrobenzene.
86. Study on the Preparation of Ultrafine Particle of Explosive Using the Technology of High Speed Impinging Streams
ZHANG Xiao ning, WANG Wei min, XU Geng guang
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract: In this paper, sub micron ultrafine particle of explosive was prepared using the technology of high speed impinging streams. It also introduced the fundamental principle of this method and gave the experimental result of testing the particle size of ultrafine HMX and RDX.
87. Study on the Expansion Processing of Expanded Ammonium Nitrate
LU Ming, Lu Chun xu, Liu Zu liang, Hu Mao ming
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Abstract: The change state of the content of water and temperature in the expanded sensitization processing of ammonium nitrate solution and the formation processing of micro holes in expanded ammonium nitrate are discussed. The action of special surfactant on the sensibiliyed processing of ammonium nitrate is studied, the results indicate that the special surfactant make the surface tension of ammonium nitrate solution decrease and the surfactant is also a foaming agent in ammonium nitrate solution.
88. Study on the Preparation of Microaggregate Macromoecular Synthetic Wax by Liquid phase Method
JI Yue ping, ZHANG Yu xiang
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
Abstract: The preparation for microaggregate macromolecular synthetic wax using liquid phase method is discussed. The affects caused by slovent, precipitanting agent and temperature etc. on the particle diameter of product are also discussed.
89. Study on Curing Reaction of Azide
Ling Jian Feng Zengguo
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)
Abstract: The order and rate coefficient of the curing reaction between N, N, N, N Tetrapropargyl ethylene diamine and azide are found not change as the charge of the reactant feed ratio. The reaction process was pursued by FTIR to determined to be 1, 3 polar cyclicaddition.
90. The Studies of Synthetical Properties on Casting Smokeless CMDB Propellants with High Pressure Plateau Combustion
Sun Tiegang Yu Hongjian Chen Xueli
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065)
Abstract: The technical characteristics and synthetical properties of casting smokeless CMDB propellants are given in present paper.It will be helpful for the choice of various parameters of smokeless CMDB propellants used in the natire uniform arm systems.
91. Process for Spheroidization of HMX
Gao Yanyang Ye Yupeng
North China Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030051)
Abstract: This paper described a new process of producing four grades spheroidized HMX.On the basis of Jackson , s Theory of Interface, better spheroidized products have been prepared by using nitric acid as solvent. The particle size distribution of products has reached the requirenent of the American Military Standard, and the acidity measured is no more than 0.02% (HAc).
92. Study on Improving High nitrogen Single Base Propellant Forming Quality
Zhao Yongxiang Zhang Sheguo
Section of the Pal Representation In Factory 845, Xi'an 710302)
Abstract: Hereinof W and U propellant is taken as example to describe one way to improve the quality of plasticizing and forming of high nitrogen single base propellant, and this way has been proved scientific to be effective by its production practice in 1997 and to be instructive to SBP production at present.
93. Advance in the Electrochemical Production of Dinitrogen Pentoxide
Ge Zhongxue Du Weisong Ning Binke Qiu Yongsheng
Xi'an Moden Chemistry Reserch Institute, Xi'an 710065)
Abstract: The preparation, esp. electrolytic process and use of dinitrogen pentoxide are discussed, and advances in the production of N 2O 5 in other countries are introduced.
94. A Study on Mixing of Solid Propellant Ingredients
Jin Zhengji Chen Shaozhen Dai Jianwu
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)
Abstract: To analyse the mixing characteristics of solid propellant ingredients , the solid particles with different particle size and distribution have been studied in the mixing proccss. From the studies, it has been realized that the ingredients mixing of modified double base solid propellant is exhibited in dispersive mixing manne. The performance of solid propellants depends on the solid particle size after dispersive mixing.
95. Preparation of Low Melting Points Aminimide from Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrzine
ZHANG You-zhi, LI Zheng-li and WANG Xuan-jun, Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(4):478~481
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of recycling scraps unsymmetrical dimethylhydrzine (UDMH), eight saturated aliphatic aminimides with low melting points were synthesized after UDMH was alkylated, acidylated and dehydrogenated. The structures, melting points and pyrolysis activities of aminimides were studied. FTIR spectra show that the resonance structure N=C—O- and N-—C=O is formed resulting from delocalization of the electron pair in the p-orbital of the imide nitrogen with the π-orbital of the carbonyl. The positions of the characteristic absorption peak frequencies of the two resonance structures are influenced obviously by the inductive effect of the substituent in carbonyl. The carbonyl substituent with a weaker inductive effects cause the IR absorption peak to shift toward higher frequencies. Dynamic DSC results show that the carbochain of amine group presents a little effect on the pyrolysis activities of aminimide among the aliphatic saturated aminimides. The aminimide with a longer carbonyl carbochain presents higher pyrolysis activity.
96. Distribution of Temperature Field During Cooling Process of Melt-cast Explosive
GUO Peng-lin LUO Guan XI Yan ZHANG Ming WANG Dong-lei CAI Zhong-zhan HUANG Yong , Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2010, 18(1):93~96
Abstract: Multiple channels data collecting instrument has been used to investigate the temperature distribution of melt-cast explosive during the cooling process under various cooling conditions. The most valuable inflexion point of the temperature curve was obtained during the cooling process, especially at the moment when the phase transformation occured. Through the analysis of the experiment data, the mechanism of the phase transformation and that several temperatures of the phase transformation of melt-cast explosive were obtained. Phase transformation temperatures tend to decline along with the increase of the content of melt-cast explosive. Phase transformation temperatures are 76-77 ℃, which are both under the TNT melting point.
97. Preperation of 2, 4-Dinitrotoluene with NO2
SHI Hong-xin, GAO Li-ding, WU Hong-ke , LIU Qiu-ping , Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(1):14~18,
Abstract: Dinitration of toluene by NO2/O2 in autoclave was studied. Effects of reaction conditions on the conversion of toluene, the yield of dinitrotoluene(DNT)and the ratio of 2, 4-DNT to 2, 6-DNT were investigated. The results show that Hβ presents good catalytic activity and regioselectivity in dinitration of toluene. The optimized temperature, pressure, time (for toluene dinitration) were 40 ℃, 1.0 MPa, 10 h respectively, and the molar ratio of NO2 to toluene was 3.5 in the presence of Hβ-CH3SO3H. Thus the conversion of toluene is 99.3%, the yield of DNT is 89.4% and the ratio of 2, 4-DNT to 2, 6-DNT is 33. Hβ is recovered by si
ple phase separation and has almost same catalytic activity after being reused for 4 times.
98. Pervaporation and its Applications in Dehydration of Hydrazine Fuels
LI Zheng-li, ZHANG You-zhi, WANG Xuan-jun and LI Hong-bin, Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(1):107~112
Abstract: Aiming at the problems (low efficiency, lacking processing safety, and so on) of traditional dehydration method, the mechanism of pervaporation (PV) technology was analyzed. The types and performances of the membranes and their applications in dehydration of ethanol/water mixtures were retrospected. The development of dehydration of hydrazine fuels by PV was reviewed. The results show that PV can overcome the shortages of traditional dehydration method of hydrazine fuels. According to the particular properties of hydrazine fuels, chitosan, ceramic and zeolite are used for suitable membrane materials for dehydration of hydrazine fuels by PV. Multi-level PV set in series can improve the dehydration efficiency. The key fields about dehydration of hydrazine fuels by PV include: recovery of hydrazine fuels from diluted aqueous solutions; dehydration of high concentration hydrazine fuels; and development of high-performance membrane materials.
99. Nitrolysis of 3, 5, 9, 11-Tetraacetyl-14-oxo-1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11-hexaazapentacyclo［5.5.3. 02, 6.04, 10.08, 12］pentadecane
SUN Cheng-hui and ZHAO Xin-qi, Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(1):1~3
Abstract: In order to develop a new energetic materials, nitrolysis of 3, 5, 9, 11-tetraacetyl-14-oxo-1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11-hexaazapentacyclo［5.5.3. 02, 6.04, 10.08, 12］pentadecane (Ⅰ) was studied in detail. Ⅰ was nitrolyzed selectively to 4-nitratomethyl-2, 6, 8, 12-tetraacetyl- 10-nitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (Ⅱ) with HNO3/Ac2O. While with mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids as nitration reagent, at 80 ℃ directly or at 15 ℃ 2 h firstly then 80 ℃ Ⅰ was nitrolyzed to CL-20 or 4-nitratomethyl-2, 6, 8, 10, 12-pentanitrohezaazaisowurtzitane (Ⅲ) respectively. Ⅱcan also be nitrated to Ⅲ. The structures of two new hexaazaisowurtzitane derivatives(Ⅱand Ⅲ) were confirmed by MS, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR.
100. Estimation of Enthalpy of Formation for Energetic Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers by Group Additivity Method
Lü Yong, LUO Yun-jun and GE Zhen, Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(2):131~136
Abstract: The enthalpies of formation for energetic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers(ETPE) based on glycidyl azide polymer(GAP), poly glycidyl nitrate(PGN), poly bis-azidomethyl oxetane(PBAMO), poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane)(PNIMMO), bis-azidomethyl oxetane-azidomethyl methyl oxetane (BAMO/AMMO) copolymer as soft segments, diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI), toluene diisocyanate(TDI), isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) as hard segments and butadiene(BDO) as chain extender were estimated by group additivity method. The results show that the enthalpies are affected by the different soft segment type, hard segement type and the hard segment contents. The enthalpies of formation of the ETPE reduce with the increasing of the hard segments contents. The enthalpy of formation of MDI based ETPE is higher than that of the other isocynates. The enthalpies of formation of azide polymers based ETPEs are higher than that of nitrate ester polymers. The estimated enthalpies data of ETPEs can help to design high energy propellants.
101. Reaction Mechanism of Preparation CL-20 from Tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane Nitrated by Mixture of Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid
SUN Cheng-hui, FANG Tao, YANG Zong-yun, BAI Jun-hong, FENG Ze-wang, LIU Juan, LI Li, MA Peng-chang, CHEN Lian-zhong and ZHAO Xin-qi, Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(2):161~165
Abstract: In order to study the reaction mechanism of nitration/nitrolysis of tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane(TAIW) with the mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, all of the intermediates, tetraacetyldinitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, triacetyltrinitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, two isomers of diacetyltetranitrohexaazaisowurtzitane and monoacetylpentanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane were separated by means of quenching the reaction mixture at proper time and characterized by element analysis, NMR, FTIR, MS and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the two free secondary amines of TAIW are nitrated firstly and then the four acetyl groups of TAIW are nitrolysed one after one under conditions of elevating the reaction temperature. Moreover, all of the intermediates stated above of the nitration processeses were detected by thin layer chromatography(TLC) techniques.
102. Intensity of Spherical Agglomerated Boron Particles
PANG Wei-qiang, FAN Xue-zhong, XU Hui-xiang and LI Yong-hong, Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(5):510~513
Abstract: The amorphous boron powders were agglomerated to high-intensity spherical particles by means of mechanical mixing with hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene as raw materials and with acetic ether as solvent. The factors affecting the intensity of particles during the agglomerated process were analyzed. The optimal process conditions were obtained: the rotation speed is 90 r•min -1; the agglomerated process temperature is 30 ℃; the mass ratio of binder and amorphous boron powder is 10/90 and the mass content of solidification catalyst is 0.02%; the morphological structure of agglomerated boron particles prepared by the method is preferable and the intensity of particles is higher.
103. Manufacturing Technology for Spherical DDNP
LIU Deng-cheng, YANG Zong-wei, LIU Yu-cun, YAN Li-wei and CHEN Ji, .Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(5):619~624
Abstract: Spherical diazodinitrophenol (DDNP) was prepared from the reaction of picric acid, sodium sulfide, hydrochloric acid and self-developed crystal shape controller F-1. The product with bulk density of 0.70-0.90 g•cm-3 has a good fluidity, and its average particle size is more than 350 μm. The pressure test of the product can be carried out under condition of more than 40 MPa. In the present manufacturing process, no fine crystals or explosion dusts are produced, and thus it is no need to wash away the fine crystals. The yield of the product prepared from the manufacturing technology is increased by 2%-3% higher than that from the traditional method, and the water need for each unit product is 30-35 kg/kg (DDNP) by circulation use of the mother liquid. Industrial production of spherical DDNP can be realized.
104. Degradation of TNT in Aqueous Solution by Uncultured Soil Bacterium Clone UD3
LIN Hong-yan, LIN Yu-man, WEN Ye-ming, GAN Li and CHEN Zu-liang, Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2009, 17(5):630~634
Abstract: A strain isolated from a chemical plant discharge soil was used for the degradation of TNT with a high degrading efficiency. The strain was identified as uncultured soil bacterium clone UD3 (USBC) by PCR technique. Degradation of TNT in aqueous solution by the strain was studied. Results show that the optimum conditions are as follows: glucose concentration is 1 g•L-1; peptone concentration is 1 g•L-1; bacteria concentration is 0.02 g•L-1; pH value is 7; temperature is 30 ℃; reaction time is 24 h; 97.2% TNT is biodegraded by the strain when TNT concentration is 100 mg•L-1; the degradation of TNT by USBC can be described by first-order dynamic equation.
105. 4, 5 - 2-nitroimidazole Preparation
Yang Guochen, Hui-Jun Liu, Duan-Lin Cao, "Energetic Materials", 2006, 14(5):349-351
Abstract: With Imidazole as the new raw material, mixed acid as nitrating agent, through nitrogen conditions, using positive addition, the second feeding means: frist, dropping mixed acid (fuming sulfuric acid 20% and 98% nitric acid), sulfuric acid imidazole salt nitrification: then the reaction solution dropping 98% in the reaction of nitric acid, synthesized 4, 5 - 2 -nitroimidazole. Of the second reaction of nitric acid used (98%), reaction temperature and reaction time were tested, get a better experimental conditions: the second volume of nitric acid was added dropwise 1.6mol (imidazole to 1mol), reaction temperature for the 90 ~ 95ºC, reaction time 5 ~ 5.5h.
106. UV/Fenton reagent DDNP Wastewater
Guofeng Bo "Explosive", 2006, (5):21-23
Abstract: UV/Fenton oxidation reagent of high technology DDNP wastewater treatment were studied to study the pH, H202 dosage cast, Fe2 dosage, time of ultraviloet light factors. Experimental: wastewater pH value yes the main factors affecting, followed by H2O2 and Fe2 dosage, and finally the exposure time; when the pH between 3 to 4, H2O2 dosage 8ml/L or so, Fe2 addition amount of 5~6mL/L and light conditions 4h, CODCr removal rate was 98.5%.
107. Preparation and properties of ultrafine test PYX
Sovereign, Jing-lin, Chen Yafanf, "Energetic Materials", 2007, 15(3):198-200, 213
Abstract: To improve the heat resistance of explosives 2, 6 - 3, 5 bitter amino - 2-niro-pyridine (PYX) the energy output and impact safety to NN-dimetylformamide (DMF) as solvent, distilled water as non-solvent, solvent-non solvent recrystallization refining technology are prepared to restart the average size of 1.06µm of PYX, and with the scanning electron microscope photographs were compared. Performance test results show that: PYX after fine flashpoint decreased by 0.98%, while the impact sensitivity is reduced by 152.62%, steel engraving is increased by 9.94%.
108. Based on neural network Booster wastewater COD removal rat
Liu Cun, In Guoqiang, Wang Shaohua Often double-Jun "Energetic materials", 2009, 17(3): 361-364
Abstract: For predicting supercritical water oxidation process DDNP wastewater COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate, with HXDK-01-A batch supercritical water oxidation experiments the actual industrial wastewatertreatment equipment, mainly on the reaction temperature, reaction pressure, residue time and oxygen content on the COD removal rate. With the experimental data to reaction temperature, pressure, residence time and oxygen content of the network input, COD removalrate for the network output to Matlab as a platform to establish a model of Elman neural network. Neural Network model forecasts the mean square 0.0418, -0.3231 single maximum error, minimum error is 0.2200, neural network model of superficialwater oxidation of wastewater COD removal is feasible.
