BACK TO REFERENCES AND ABSTRACTS
Weapons
1. Release Time of Energetic Fragments Impact Thin Target
HE Yuan,HE Yong,PAN Xu-chao
Ministerial Key Laboratory of ZNDY,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China
Abstract: To comprehend the release time and penetration process relations when the energetic fragments impact thin target,the energetic fragments impact penctration process and release time of different target materials and head thickness are studied using the LS-DYNA and theoretical analysis,the relations of release time and penetration process are obtained.The results shows that it can be through selecting the appropriate thickness to release energy after the target.
2. Effect of Liner Material on Jetting Projectile Charge Formation
FAN Fei,LI Wei-bing,WANG Xiao-ming,LI Wen-bin,ZHENG Yu,ZHU Liang
ZNDY of Ministerial Key Laboratory,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China
Abstract: The influence of liner material on Jetting Projectile Charge(JPC) formation is researched by LS-DYNA software.Through analyzing and disposing,the formation shape and parameters of JPC formed by five liner materials:aluminum,iron,copper,tantalum and tungsten and the law that the formation parameters of JPC,like velocity and length-diameter ratio,influenced by the density and tensility of liner material are obtained.The result shows that following the reduce of density and tensility of liner material which is from aluminum to tungsten,the JPC head velocity falls 69%,and JPC length-diameter ratio falls 75%,the two parameters of JPC show that,copper and tantalum are better meterials for JPC formation than others,but copper is the best of all.Aluminum tends to rupture and boil away,iron and tungsten cannot be pulled fully,they all are not fit for JPC formation.Finally,an experiment with copper liner is done,and the results are well in agreement with the simulation results.
3. Effect of AP on the Air Explosion Parameters of Explosive
FENG Xiao-jun,WANG Xiao-feng,XU Hong-tao,HUANG Ya-feng (Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: The air explosion experiment is done by adding AP in composite explosives based HMX and RDX and aluminized explosives respectively,to study the effect of AP on the performances of air explosion.The influence of AP on the air explosion parameters from the shock wave overpressure,the maximum radius and the duration time of fireball and the explosion field temperature is analyzed.The results show that AP can affect shock wave overpressure of air explosion but the influence trend is related to different main explosive.For composite explosives based HMX and RDX,AP can made the shock wave overpressure decrease,while for aluminized explosive,AP can made the shock wave overpressure increase,but for the two kinds of explosives,with the increase of AP,the maximum radius and the duration time of fireball and the explosion field temperature are all decreased.
4. Experimental Investigation on Bi-Blasting Fragmentation Warhead Principle
CHEN Jin,XIAO Chuan (Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: Bi-blasting fragmentation warhead concept is proposed and related theory is described.An experiment was conducted to prove the rightness of bi-blasting fragmentation warhead principle.To verify the feasibility of the program,sample warheads with a chosen kind of explosive are designed and a high-speed video camera system was used to record the whole explosion process of the warheads.XDT or DDT phenomenon of Charge IIs occurring or not under loaded by ChargeⅠ,initiation delayed time and its displacement from initial position could be obtained by the experiment.The result shows that Charge IIs behave steady XDT or DDT with PMMA attenuator thickness between 50mm and 80mm,initiation delayed time are between 2 125μs and 11000μs correspondingly,and the displacement of Charge II from initial position are between 252mm and 645mm correspondingly.Charges with some insensitive explosives may occur XDT or DDT under special condition,and initiation time is even longer than the usual.The theory of XDT or DDT of explosive charges can be applied into fragmentation warhead technology to increase the distribution density and velocity of fragments.
5. Experimental Study on Explosive Reaction Armor Disturbing Penetrators
LI Ge,WANG Feng-ying,LIU Tian-sheng(School of Chemical Engineering and Environment,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)
Abstract: For defensiving large-caliber armor-piercing attacks better and improving tanks′survivability on the battlefield,the disturbance of penetrators by a new type of explosive reactive armor structure is studied by the experiment and numerical methods.By experimental study on the penetrators penetrating target at different normal angle,the penetration at different angle are arrived,and the protect coefficient is calculated.The results show that the new explosive reactive armor disturbed the penetrators effectively,caused more mass loss and changes in flight attitude of the armor-piercing projectile,destroied its ability to continue to penetrate the lord armor,thereby achieve a greatly increased protective effect on the penetrators.
6. Numerical Simulation of the Flyer Plate Propelled by Explosive Reactive Armor
ZHEN Jin-peng1,LIU Tian-sheng1,ZHANG Shuo2,ZHONG Jian-hua1
1.North University of China,Chemical Industry and Ecology Institute,Shanxi 030051,China
2.People′s Liberation Army,66184 Unit,Baoding Hebei 074200,China)
Abstract: According to the physical process in which flyer plates is propelled by confined-explosive products,the theoretical calculation model of the moving plate was established.The numerical simulation of the plate flying process was performed with three-dimension FEM analysis program LS-DYNA3D.The variation law of front plate velocity with time was obtained.The effect of detonation velocity and thickness of back plate on the front plate movement was analyzed.Results show that velocity of front plate can be increased obviously by using explosives with high detonation velocity or increasing thickness of back plate.
7. Simulation and Test on the Penetration Performance of 10~# Steel and Copper EFP
LI Chuan-zeng1,3,RONG Zhu2,XIE Zhong-yuan1,WANG Shu-shan1
1.State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijng Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China
2.Jilin Jiangbei Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd,Jilin Jilin City 132021,China
3.Beijing Beifang Hongqi Electrical Co.,Ltd,Beijing 101149,China)
Abstract: The test on the penetration performance of the 10# steel and copper EFP to the 603 RHA was carried out.In order to analyze the internal causes what make the differences of penetration performance between the 10# steel EFP and copper EFP,the forming and penetration process of two kinds of EFP were simulated by ANSYS/LS-DYNA.The results show that the penetration ability of 10# steel EFP is worse than the copper EFP,but the reaming ability is much better,the entrance aperture is about 1.5 times to the copper EFP.Considering that the differences in penetration performance are caused by the material performance of liner,the shape of EFP and the velocity distribution,whereas the differences in entrance dimension of target are determined by the fin dimension.
8. EFP Forming and Numerical Simulation for Double Layered Charge Liners
YUAN Jian-fei,SU Jian-jun,WANG Hui,YANG Kai,QI Cun-xiu
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China
Abstract: Two charges of double layered charge liner,with the same thickness of inner,the variety of the outer layer and the variety of inner,the same thickness of the outer layer of double layered charge liners,were designed which can form complex EFP.The forming of complex EFP and the damage effect of penetrating target were studied by numerical simulation and experiment.The results indicate that the two charge structures can form complex EFP.The EFP forming effect of the latter is better than the former,and the second damage volume of the latter is larger than the former.The formed EFP of double layered charge liner has better damage effect than the single EFP.
9. Experimental Study on Explosion of TNT in Reinforced Concrete Targets
GU Xiao-hui1,SONG Pu1,2,WANG Xiao-ming1
1.Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China
2.Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,China)
Abstract: The simulative experiments of explosion effect in the reinforced concrete targets with different charge mass and charge positions were carried out.The particle pressure and acceleration of critical positions were measured by the sensor.The burst damage effect was observed.The results show that there are several parameters that affect the explosion effect.The charge mass and burial depth have reinforcing effect on the explosion power.The C-35 reinforced concrete targets,whose diameter and thickness both are 1m,can not be completely destroyed when the charge mass was less than 100g.The quantity of particle acceleration of near field region can reach to 104g.
10. Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Compact Shaped Charge
SUN Jian,YUAN Bao-hui,WANG Li-xia,GU Hong-ping
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,China
Abstract: The structural characteristics of K-charge were analyzed.Some exploratory research were done on the compact shaped charge and the miniaturization of wave regulator.An eccentric sub-hemisphere liner was designed.Annular wave with good axial symmetry was obtained by using the wave regulator composed of silicon rubber,aluminium sheet and explosive.The results indicate that compact shaped charge can significantly reduce the length and the mass of the warhead.When penetrating light armored targets or new-style spaced targets,the penetration depth of compact shaped charge was lower than the conventional shaped charge with the same caliber,but the damage effect of the objective after the target was noticeably improved.
11. Numerical Simulation on Forming and Penetration Process of Annular EFP
HUANG Qun-tao1,LI Tie-peng2,QIAN Jian-ping3,SHENTU De-zhong3
1.Yichang Testing Technique Research Institute,Yichang Hubei 443003,China
2.Warship Artillery Department NAVY,Beijing 100841,China
3.School of Mechanical Engineering,NUST,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: Based on the analysis of formation mechanism of annular jet,the numerical simulation of annular EFP on forming and penetration process is carried out by LS-DYNA.Through reasonable match of parameters of annular liner and shaped charge,the problem of forming and fling apart is solved.Way of engineering design practical annular EFP is explored.The results show that,based on the 0.26 times the size of charge diameter,the annular EFP penetrating 45 steel target forms a hole of 0.96 times the size of charge diameter when the burst height is 4 times of charge diameter.
12. Reaction Characteristics of PBX-2 under Heat and Bullet Impacting Multiple Test
DAI Xiao-gan,WEN Yu-shi,SHEN Chun-ying,Lü Zi-jian
Institute of Chemical Materials,CAEP,Mianyang Sichuan 621900,China)
Abstract: In order to study the explosive safety under heat and bullet impacting multiple environment,the mode of adding heating system on the base of bullet impacting test was used to simulate multiple effect.The multiple environment tests for PBX-2 of 150 long with a diameter of 75 mm were made.The processes of temperature changing for different positions in the sample were measured by use of thermocouples,and the reaction degree of different size explosives was analyzed by the measurement of shockwave overpressure.The reaction characteristics for PBX-2 were gained under heat and bullet impacting multiple environment.The results show that reaction degree for PBX2 is essential accord under multiple test,the test method can provide a new means to evaluate explosive safety under exceptional environment.
13. Characteristics of Air Explosion Output for Dual Explosive Charge
NIU Yu-lei,WANG Xiao-feng,FENG Xiao-jun
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: Using three composite explosives,the different dual explosive charge was made.Its air explosion shock wave overpressure-time course was measured and compared with the single explosive charge.The characteristics of air explosion output dual explosive charge were studied.The fireball characteristic parameters of the dual explosive charge were measured by high-speed photography.The results show that the double parts of dual explosive charge engender energy coupling and made energy output increase.The dual explosive charges of a non-ideal explosive as an inner core surrounded by a high detonation velocity explosive components charge not only improve effect of the air explosion shock wave,but also increase the duration of the explosion fireball.
14. Numerical Simulation and Experiment of Velocity Gains on the Non-central Detonation Warhead
YE Xiao-jun1,3,HAN Yu2,3,CHEN Qing-bao1
1.Nanchang Military Academy,Nanchang 310103,China; 2.The Military Representative Bureau of Shenyang,Shenyang 110015,China
3.Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210032,China)
Abstract: To study the gain of the non-central cluster-type warhead fragments velocity,the numerical simulation of the cluster-type directional warhead detonation dispersion process was porformed by LS-DYNA.The simulated results were in good agreement with the test results.The results showed that in comparison with center priming,on the relative direction of detonation location the fragment gain speed in the eccentric warhead detonation zone increases significantly.The maximum gain achieves 10.7 percent.The same side fragment speed of flash point was less significantly than that of opposite side fragment.When azimuth at 0 ° to 180 ° direction,the pace of fragmentation reveals an increasing trend.
15. Effect of Shell Sealing on the Response of Small Scale Ammunition in Fast Cook-off Test
XU Shuang-pei1,HU Shuang-qi1,WANG Dong-qing2,LI Juan-juan1
1.Chemical Industry and Ecology Institute of North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China
2.The Training Center of Revenue Cadre of Shanxi,Taiyuan 030001,China)
Abstract: The desensitizing RDX was selected as material.The fast cook-off test of ammunition with different sealing shell was carried out.The temperature change of different position was measured by thermocouples and temperature-time curves were collected by self-design software.The response regularity was analyzed under various conditions.The results show that the software could accurately collect temperature-time curves.Under the same conditions,with the sealing increased,the greater the degree of breakdown,the smaller the fragments the violent response also greater in fast cook-off test.
16. Theory Analysis and Experiment Research on Blast Effect of Low Collateral Damage Ammunition
YAO Wen-jin,WANG Xiao-ming,LI Wen-bin,GU Xiao-hui
ZNDY of Ministerial Key Laboratory,NUST,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: In order to adapt the need of anti-terrorism,a new kind of low collateral damage ammunition was put forward.The operational principle of this ammunition was introduced.Based on the blast mechanics theory,a model discribing the relation among casting velocity of lethal unit,composite material shell and explosive charge was established.Overpressure curve of three different circumstances was measured using the pressure sensor in the explosive experiment.The duration of the positive pressure of the airblast pressure wave caused by the explosive charge with composite shell is bigger than the unconfined explosive charge and that with foaming plastic shell.The results confirmed the blast effect of the low collateral damage ammunition is higher than the conventional blast ammunition in the smaller area.
17. Real Time Analysis on the Planar Images of Exploding Columned Explosive
CHEN Xing-quan,XIAO Yang,XUE Bing
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: In order to intuitively analyze the size and duration time of the explosive fireball of exploding columned explosive in air,and to expand the research field about the detonation parameters of exploding columned explosive in air,the exploding photographs of three types(RDX,HMX and TNT,3 in 1 type) of columned explosives in air are taken at 4 000 f/s by a high speed camera under the conditions of same mass,same experimental environment and same photographic parameters.The duration time of explosive fireball was computed as 122.08 ms for RDX,164.50 ms for HMX;238.92 ms for TNT.Using ACDsee and AutoCAD software,the maximum horizontal and vertical radii of the explosive fireball were calculated by a label size,discovering that HMX has the biggest maximum horizatal and vertical radius of 10.36 m and 9.42 m,respectively.The different shape of the explosive fireball was observed from images obtained.
18. Experimental Study on Explosively Formed Projectiles with Fins and Numerical Simulation
LIN Jia-jian1,2,SHEN Zhao-wu1,REN Hui-qi2,FAN Zi-jian1,JIANG Yao-gang1
1.Department of Modern Mechanics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China
2.The Third Research Institute of the Corps of Engineers,Luoyang Henan 471023,China)
Abstract: Explosively formed projectiles with fins formed by attaching cover on the shaped liner was studied via reasonable design figure of cover and capacity of detonator.At the same time,the numerical simulation was implemented on this new way by LS-DYNA.The velocity vs.pressure curves on the liner cell are obtained.The feasibility is discussed on how to form fins from variety of velocity and pressure on liners which results from the numerical simulation.The results of experiment and numerical simulation by LS-DYNA show that EFP with fins can be obtained by this new way.
19. Experimental Research on the Air Explosion Shock Wave Parameters of TNT,PBX and Hexel
WANG Jian-ling,GUO Wei,FENG Xiao-jun
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,China)
Abstract: The air explosion parameters of TNT,PBX and Hexel with equal quality,different density and different charge types were tested by an air explosion test system.The shock wave overpressure and impulse at the same testing point of three explosives were compared.The relationships between shock wave overpressure and impulse with proportional distance were studied.The results show that the shock wave overpressure and impulse of TNT explosive is lower than those of PBX and Hexel.In the range of 1.8-4.9m•kg-1/3,the shock wave overpressure and impulse of Hexel explosive is higher than those of PBX.When proportional distance is 6.1mm•kg-1/3,Hexel has the shock wave overpressure and impulse level approaching those of PBX.
20. Experimental Study on the Impact Inflame Damage to Simulative Fuel Tank of Cruise Missile by Fragments
CAO Bing
Ministerial Key Laboratory of ZNDY,NUST,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: In order to improve the antagonizing viability of our missiles and the lethality probability for our heading off ammunition to destroy the arriving attacking missile of enemy,the vulnerability and lethality of the cruise missile were studied taking the cruise missile fuel tank as research object.The impact inflame damage experiments with simulative fuel tanks of the cruise missile heated to the temperature of 75℃ were carried out by use of round fragments at different incidence angles accelerated by a ballistics gun.The damage phenomena and damage mechanism of the simulative fuel tank of the cruise missile are investigated while impacted by round fragments through experiments.In the meantime,the impact inflame criterion of the simulative fuel tank of the cruise missile while penetrated by round fragments is given out.The specific impulse of fragments reaching fule tank rises with rising the fule tank temperature.When the incidence angle of fragments is higher than 30 degree,the specific impulse decrease with rising the incidence angle.
21. Experimental Research on High-speed EFP Soft-recovery Technology
LU Ming1,GU Wen-bin2,TANG Yong2,LIU Jian-qing2,ZHENG Xiang-ping2
1.Wuhan Ordnance N.C.O Academy of PLA,Wuhan 430075,China
2.PLA University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210007,China)
Abstract: The soft-recovery device of explosively formed projectile(EFP) was designed and manufactured.Tests were done to recover EFP with a velocity of approximately 2300m/s.EFP recovery method was improved.The drag coefficients data of different medias for a variety of projectile velocities and shapes were obtained.The results obtained were well reference for further high-speed EFP soft-recovery design and experiments.
22. Experimental Study on the Initiation Time of Twice-Detonating Gun-launched FAE Warhead
ZHANG Peng1,ZHU Ping-an1,MA Han-yu2,WANG Hou-lian1,DU Bao-ting3
1.The Weapon Engineering Staff Room of Artillery Academy,Hefei 230031,China
2.The Ammunition Engineering Staff Room of Artillery Academy,Hefei 230031,China
3.The command Staff Room of Artillery Academy,Hefei 230031,China)
Abstract: The best second initiation time for gun-launched FAE was determined through the static explosive experiment and the chtange of pressure in exploding field.The results show that the damage effect of cloud exploding is not proportinal to initiation time.The selection of applicable initiation time is very important.The way of treating data by replacing explosion pressure with voltage simplified the treated process of data.The probative experiment proved that the data is exact and the experiment logical.
23. Internal Compatibility of Mixed Fuel in Fuel Air Explosives
XU Sen,LIU Da-bin,HUI Jun-ming, CHEN Li-ping
Chemical School of Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: The temperature scanning experiment and temperature keeping experiment performed on a micro-calorimeter C80Ⅱ were used to study the internal compatibility of the mixed fuel.Parameters such as the onset temperature,apparent activation energy and so on,have been obtained.The results of temperature keeping experiments indicate that: the mixed fuel has a good internal compatibility.The results of temperature scanning experiments indicate that alkyl hydrocarbon A and sensitive fuel B don′t decompose from 60℃ to 300℃,but they separately react with air at 120℃ and 140℃;Sensitive substance C decomposes at 150℃,and the peak temperature is 170.96℃.The Freeman-Carroll method is used to deal with the data of temperature scanning experiments,and the results of data processing also show that the mixed fuel has a good internal compatibility.
24. Analysis of Human Body Injury Due to Blast Wave and Protection Method
SUN Yan-fu,WANG Xin
Shenyang Ligong University,School of Equipment Engineering,Shenyang 110168,China)
Abstract: In order to study the problem of human body injury due to blast wave and obtain protection method,the injury threshold values of blast protecting persons are analyzed.Taking the famous "Jose Henrych" experience formula as calculating model,the change rule of point source blast wave in the air free field is discussed under the condition that standard TNT explosives is in different equivalent.On this basis,safe distances of drum injury and different mortality rate are obtained.The results obtained are proved to be exact and feasible.
25. Study on Annular EFP Formation and Penetration Effect
LI Peng-fei,XIAO Chuan,WANG Li-xia
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: Two charges,annular EFPs with sphere liner and cone liner,were designed which can form ring-shaped projectiles.The ring-shaped projectile formation and penetrating steel target was studied by numerical simulation and experiment.The results indicate that the liners of two charges can form ring-shaped projectiles by a stand-off between 0.5 and 2 charge diameter(CD),the formed holes at least 1 CD in diameter and 0.3 CD in depth.The ring-shaped projectiles formed by sphere liner were more stable with better shape and performance against target than that of the cone liner.In contrast with conventional EFP and annular jet,annular EFP punched out less deep hole but larger in diameter,so it can be a new means to be used as first stage shaped charge in a tandem warhead.
26. Theoretical Modeling and Analysis on Jet Formation of Double-Layered Conical Liner
ZHENG Yu,WANG Xiao-ming,LI WenbinHAN Yu
ZNDY of Ministerial Key Laboratory,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: In order to study the formation of jet from DLCL(Double-Layered Conical Liner) caused by detonation products,the PER theory was used to build an analytical model to study the jet formation of DLCL initialed by point detonation.Defourneaux equation was brought into the model to get the relationship between the detonation wave and the DLCL.The relationships between the detonation wave attack angle and Defourneaux coefficients were gained using numerical simulations.The expression about the DLCL equivalent density was deduced.The analytical and numerical calculation results were compared and the comparison verified the rationality of the analytical model.The laws that govern the relationships between the configuration parameters and the jet formation were investigated and the model can provide design references for studying and designing the double-layered conical liner.
27. Experimental Investigation of SCRSP Penetrating the Compound Target with Water Interlayer
PEI Ming-jing1,LI Cheng-bing2
1.Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi′an 710072,China
2.University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)
Abstract: A new-type shaped charge which can produce a rod shaped projectile(SCRSP) was devised for shaped charge torpedo.The experiment results of penetrating the compound target with water interlayer indicated that the rod shaped projectile forged from the new-type shaped charges could not only perforated the front-effect target consisting of 11mm thick aluminum plate and 3mm thick steel plate and broke through 650mm thickness of water interlayer,but also penetrated multi-layer interval after-effect steel plates and formed the larger size holes on them.The standoff of the SCRSP had an important effect on its penetration ability.The suitable standoff could improve the damage effect of penetrating the compound target with water interlayer.
28. Fragment Velocity Distribution of Forward-firing Warhead
ZHONG Kai,YUAN Bao-hui,XU Bi-ying,SHI Chang-jun
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an710065,China)
Abstract: The characteristics of the fragment velocity distribution of forward-firing warheads with different charge length/diameter ratio under center point initiation and plane wave initiation was studied by the method of numerical simulation and experiments.The results indicated that the velocities of fragments decreases gradually along radial direction from the center of charge,where the velocity reach the peak value,and the fragment velocities increase with the increase of the charge length/diameter ratio.The value of velocities of fragments under plane wave initiation enhances evidently compared with that under center point initiation,and the enhancement decreases gradually along radial direction from the center of charge.The lager the charge length/diameter ratio,the smaller the enhancement.The plane wave initiation is more effective for warhead with small charge length/diameter ratio.
29. Design on Experimental Information Module in Interior Ballistic Database of Traveling Charge
YANG Jing-guang1,2,YU Yong-gang2
1.The First Aeronautical Institute of Air Force,Xinyang Henan 464000,China
2.Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: In order to accelerate scientific research and informationazition,an interior ballistic database system of the traveling charge is established.The database system adopts visual basic 6.0 as development kit on the stage and access as background flat roof.The database system consists of six modules which are system customer,explosive parameter,experimental information,numerical simulation,research data and help.Because of the important function of the experiment information module,the experimental information module and realization of its subroutines are introduced in detail.The system is valuable in the research of interior ballistic of traveling charge.
30. Exploration and Research on Spacecraft Damage and Protection
XIAO Chuan1,CAO Jun-le2,TIAN Qing-zheng1,TAO Meng-jun1
1.Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China
2.The Equiupment Research Institute of Second Artillery,Beijing 100085, China)
Abstract: Aimed at the typical protective structure of spacecraft,the history and achievement of super high-speed collision research at home and abroad were introduced and summarized.The focus on much-need research and direction were presented.The main content and the progress about driving and loading by explosion,physical explosion and spontaneous combustion metal were clarified.The importance of these research in this field was illuminated.
31. Study on Energy Compensation Technique of Double Chambers Charge
ZHANG Jiang-bo,ZHANG Yu-cheng,JIANG Shu-jun,YU Bin,LI Qiang
XI′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: The feasibility of double chambers charge forming energy compensation and increasing area underneath the p-l curve have been discussed theoretically and the relative experiments were done.Main chamber charge mass and subsidiary chamber charge mass adopted are 32 gram and 10 gram,respectively.The controlled ignition time difference between main chamber and subsidiary chamber is 1.5ms.The experimental results show that the area underneath the p-l curve of double chambers is larger than that of ordinary charge,a pressure platform appears around pressure 150MPa,and the muzzle velocity is increased by 56.3m/s.The double chamber charge of compensated energy made the pressure platform really appear,and the area underneath the p-l curve and the muzzle velocity increase.
32. The Influence of Metal Particles Arrangement of Powder Shaped Charge Liner and its Thermal Treatment on Performance of Jet
JING Qing-bo,JING Zhen-yu,SHI Jian
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: The copper powder of shaped charge liner of the type 127 oil perforation charge was graded by sieving,and the copper powder was arranged properly with the other metal powders.After particle distribution analysis and test of penetration of oil perforation to steel target,the influence of particles arrangement and distribution of powder shaped charge liner on performance of jet was studied and the liner was treated by thermal treatment. The test results show that the particle size of copper powder of shaped charge liner plays a vital part on performance of jet,proper particles arrangement and distribution enhenced the penetration of oil perforation charge to steel target.Thermal treatment on the powder shaped charge liner could increase the density and strength of the liner and improve performance of jet efficiently. The optimized shaped charge liner made the depth of penetration of type 127 oil perforation charge to steel target increase by 11.6%.
33. Numerical Simulation and Experiment Investigation of Blast Effect of Explosive Charge with Different Shell Materials
LIANG Bin,LU Yong-gang,YANG SHI-Quan,Lü Jian,YUE Xiao-hong,CHEN Zhong-fu
Institute of Systems of Engineering,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang Sichuan
621900,China)
Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of explosive charge shell materials on blast effect,the blast effect of explosive charge with different shell materials in air and concrete target is researched by means of numerical simulation and experimental investigation.The results show that under the same explosive charge,the peak overpressure caused by the detonation of explosive charge with composite material shell is higher than that with D6A steel shell.Because of no fragment generated in the case of explosive charge with C-fiber shell,the distant target is not affected by the fragments effect.However,blast fragment effect is distinct in the case of explosive charge with D6A steel shell.According to the blast effect in the concrete target,the explosive with C-fiber shell is superior in the matched impedance as well as detonation propagation to the one with D6A steel shell.Under the condition of the same explosive charge,the effective energy produced by the detonation of explosive with C-fiber shell is bigger than that with D6A steel shell.Results of explosion test conform to the numerical simulation.
34. Optimization Design of Fuel Charged in Solid Single-event FAE
CUI Xiao-rong1,2,LUO Yong1,ZHOU Ting-qing2,SHEN Zhao-wu2
1.Guangdong Hongda Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510055,China
2.Department of Modern Mechanics of USTC,Hefei 230027,China)
Abstract: To effectively select the fuel charged in single-event FAE warhead,and improve the power of solid single-event FAE, according to the characteristics of single-event FAE,an optimization design system model of fuel charged in FAE is established.Through the new optimization design system model,the fuel charged in single-event FAE warhead can be selected effectively.
35. Study on Thermal Damage of Thermobaric Explosive
GUO Xue-yong,LI Bin,XIE Li-feng
School of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: Using the infrared thermal image instrument,the blasting fireball′s temperature of thermobaric explosive with different mass and TNT were measured.According to the experimental data,the temperature filed of the two kinds of explosives were analyzed and the relation of diameter and duration of fireball to explosive mass were simulated.Thermal damage rule was confirmed with blasting characteristics of thermaobaric explosive,and combined with Baker′s fireball model,thermal damage radius in different degree of thermobaric explosive and TNT were calculated.Results indicate that thermobaric explosive possess good thermal damage effect and the equivalence of TNT for thermobaric explosive obtained by action area evaluation reach 3.89.
36. External Volatiles Consistency Regulation and Influence on Muzzle Velocity of Self-unit Single-base Propellant Charge
YANG Deng-yun,HOU Shang-qing
Military office,Jiangyang Chemistry Factory,Taiyuan 030008,China)
Abstract: To insure the uniformity of the initial velocity of self-unit single-base propellant charge at low temperature,it is necessary to control the consistency of external volatiles. A method to judge the consistency of equalizing water content,absorb moisture controlling volatiles parameters and external volatiles is experimentally determined by regulating the external volatiles. The non-destructive testing for consistency of external volatiles and the relationship of external volatiles and the flight muzzle velocity at low temperature are deduced by analyzing the influence of external volatiles on initial velocity.
37. Experimental Study of the Impact Initiation of Reactive Armor
WANG Yu-ling~1,YU Wen-li~1, XIAO Xiu-you~2
1. The Second Artillery Engineering College, Xi′an 710025, China
2.College of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi′an 710072, China)
Abstract: The mechanical sensitivities of desensitized explosive based on HMX are studied. The primary formulation of reactive armor charge is selected based on these results. The final formulation is determined by the initiation results of reactive armor through changing the thickness, materials of upper and lower plates, as well as the incidence angle of armor-piercing projectile. The results show that impact and friction sensitivities of desensitized explosive decrease with the reduction of particle size of HMX and the increase of content of desensitizer. The final formulation of reactive armor charge is 97/3-HMX/desensitizer. The mechanism of particle size affecting mechanical sensitivity are theoretically analyzed. At the same time the charge configuration of reactive armor affecting impact detonation are theoretically analyzed when parameter and velocity of armor-piercing projectile are fixed.
38. Computation on Detonation Velocity of Single Event FAE
ZHI Xiao-qi]
Department of Electromechanic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051,China)
Abstract: On the basis of classic single event FAE (Fuel-Air Explosive), theoretical analysis and computation to detonation velocity of single event FAE are carried out according to thermochemistry theory and detonation theory of explosive. The influence of mixture ratio and formulation of components on detonation velocity is studied. The results show that theoretical detonation velocity of single event FAE correlates with the content of metal powder, and its detonation velocity can be increased while increasing the content of metal powder to some extent. Higher the thermal value of metal powder, higher the theoretical detonation velocity of single event FAE.
39. Experimental Investigation on Cratering of Concrete
SONG Pu~(1,2),GU Xiao-hui~1 ,WANG Xiao-ming~1,LIANG An-ding~2
1.Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094,China
2.Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: The cratering of underground explosion as a function of the depth of burst and the charge in solid medium was discussed by using an explosion similarity law.The scaling exponent 1/3 in classic theory was amended to 1/3.4 or 1/3.6. The simulative experiments of cratering effects were designed in concrete, and approved by the real warhead experiments. The experimental results were analyzed and compared with the results obatained by using new scaling exponents, showing that the experimental results accorded with the calculated precision and new scaling exponents can be applied in the calculation of warhead engineering.
40. Solid Propellants Applying for Kinetic or Hyper-velocity Missiles
MO Hong-jun , ZHANG Hai-yan
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: Information on some foreign kinetic missiles and hyper-velocity missiles, and the formations and performances of solid propellants were presented and some demands on performance of solid propellant used for the missiles were analyzed. It is found that a new type of NEPE propellant which can operate reliably in high pressure rocket motors is the trend and hot issue of research on launching kinetic missiles and hyper-velocity missiles. The Divert/Attitude Control System (DACS) of KKV has some demands on properties of solid propellant, such as cleanly exhaust, flash ignition, burning stably in highly over-loading condition, etc. Although there are a number of issues that need to be resolved in order to make gel propellant applicable to the DACS of KKV, gel propellant provides the on-demand thrust needed for KKV smart flight and rapid maneuverability. Concerning the energy management capabilities, gel propellant, compared with solid propellant, has better adaptability for advanced KKV in future.
41. Research on Chamber-pressure Variation of A New Large-caliber Full-charge Propellant
HAN Bo1,ZHANG Xiao-zhi1,WANG Chao2,WANG Ze-shan1
1.Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China
2.Liaoning Qingyang Chemical Industry Factory,Liaoyang Liaoning 111001,China)
Abstract: The chamber-pressure variation of a new large-caliber full-charge propellant was studied.The variation of the chamber pressure were explained by means of theoretical analysis,interior ballistic test and optimizing charge structure.In the case of not changing the original artillery barrel chamber structure,changing the charge structural design can improve the ventilation of the charge and reduce the free space back of projectile, the maximum minus pressure differential reduce to less than 20 MPa from early 80 MPa,the chamber pressure variation of the new gun charge control better and the ballistic stability enhance.
42. Investigation on Sympathetic Detonation of a Deformable Warhead between the Main and the Deforming Charges
LI Xiang-yu,LU Fang-yun
College of Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)
Abstract: In order to obtain the principles of selecting main charge and deforming charge,the numerical simulations of the response process of the main charge under the sliding detonation of two deforming charges are studied.Combining the shock initiation criterion of heterogeneous explosive,the effect of the detonation properties of the deforming charge and attenuation layer between the main charge and deforming charge on shock-wave attenuation is discussed.The shock pressure and pulse duration propagating into the main charge are obtained.The results show that the properties of the main charge and the shockwave pressure of the deforming charge are the primary factors of causing the sympathetic detonation of the main charge,and the attenuation layer for the main charge is better to locate between the outer case and the deforming charge.
43. Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Blast Loading of Different Explosives on a Target
RAO Guo-ning,CHEN Wang-hua,HU Yiting,PENG Jin-hua
Department of Chemical Engineering,Najing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: To investigate the response of target under blast loadings of different characteristics,the parameters(overpressure and impulse) on the target were obtained by insensitive RDX and aluminized explosive DHL blast experiment,and it was compared with the experimental data of TNT.The dynamic response of a target subject to different blast loadings was simulated with the experimental overpressure data of RDX and DHL as input parameters.The results show that under the blast loadings of insensitive RDX and DHL,the effective stress and displacement at the centre of the target are similar.Dynamic response of a target relates with blast loading intensity at initial stages and the stronger the loading,the bigger the stress.However,the main response is determined by both the intensity and impulse of blast loading.
44. Test of Triple Point and Study on its Test Technology
GUO Wei,YU Tong-chang,JIN Peng-gang
Xi′an Mordern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: To investigate the track of triple point in the process of explosive shock wave propagation,the distinction of testing results at different heights,and its relationship with the testing result of blast wave overpressure on the ground,the blast overpressure with certain height of blast was measured by using the free-field blast pressure "pencil" sensor at different heights and its triple point height was studied experimentally.The shock wave overpressure on the same testing position and the track of triple point with certain blast height were acquired by using the wall pressure sensor.The effect of measurement uncertainty from the different test method were acquired by analyzing the relative standard deviation of results by free-field blast pressure "pencil" sensor and wall pressure sensor.The results show that the measurement accuracy of the former is better than that of the latter.
45. Experimental Study on EFP Penetrating 45~# Steel Plate
CAO Bing
College of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: The touching target velocity of EFP and the velocity of EFP remnants and fragments behind target are obtained by pulse X-ray photograph technology.The EFP remnants and fragments behaind target are recovered by a metal bucket filled with saw-dust.The residual kinetic energy of EFP after target penetration is obtained.On the basis of the experiments of pulse X-ray photograph and recovering fragment behind the target,the damage phenomena and the penetration law of EFP penetrating 45# steel plate of limited thickness are analyzed.An empirical formula describing the limited penetration velocity of EFP penetrating 45# steel plate with limited thickness is established.The formula benefits the design of new type EFP warhead and check of EFP warhead force.
46. Study on Rule of the Axial Speeds of Projection Fragments Drived by Explosive
XING En-feng,QIAN Jian-ping,ZHAO Guo-zhi
College of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: In order to solve the problem of the decrease of the action pressure of projection fragments along radial direction from the center of column charge and the throwing velocity of axial projection fragments along radial direction caused by detonation products,the influence of structure parameters such as charge length/diameter ratio and the thickness of shell on the radial distribution rule of the axial speeds of projection fragments is studied.In regard to the warhead of a certain structure,the experiment to investigate the rule of the throwing velocity of axial projection fragments along radial direction is carried out.The results show that the length/diameter ratio and case of the charge have a greater effect on throwing velocity of projection fragment along axial direction.For a specified charge density,the throwing velocity of axial projection fragments can be adjusted by properly selecting the charge shape,size and restraint condition.
47. The Design of Linear EFP Liner
SHI Yun-peng,YUAN Bao-hui,LIANG Zheng-feng,ZHOU Tao
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: In order to increase the projectiles in per unit area of multi-EFP warhead surface,the linear EFP liner,a new style EFP liner,was presented and the destroy effect and design principle was studied.With the help of traditional EFP design principle,the linear EFP liner with different geometry and different materials was designed.The effect of different apex thicknesses and geometry as well as angle between two contiguous controlled notches on the shape and penetration performance of the linear EFP was studied by experimental and numerical simulation.The results show that the application of linear EFP liner on multi-EFP can improve the penetration performance of antimissile warhead to 25 mm.
48. Study on Thermal Protection of Silicon Rubber Insulation Used in the Ramjet Afterburner
ZHANG Yan,CHEN Guo-hui,WANG Ji-gui
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065 China)
Abstract: The factors affecting the property of insulation material used in the ramjet afterburner were analyzed.The effects of several kinds of filler,including powder filler and fiber filler,on the ablation property of silicon rubber insulation material,and the synergistic effects of the fillers were investigated.Bonding properties between silicon rubber and the case of the ramjet afterburner were studied,and the effects of coupling agent on the bonding properties between the insulation and the case were compared.The results show that the comprehensive effects of organic fillers,inorganic fillers and fiber fillers make the ablation property of silicon rubber insulation enhance and the ablation rate lower.The coupling agent WD-60 makes the bonding strength between silicon rubber and steel enhance dramatically.A basic formulation of insulation used as thermal protection of ramjet afterburner was presented.
49. Fireball Characteristics of a Thermal-Baric Explosive
KAN Jin-ling,LIU Jia-Cong,ZENG Xiu-lin,WANG Jing
School of Chemical Engeneering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: The fireball characteristic parameters of the thermal-baric explosive(TBX) and conventional explosives were measured by the method of infrared imaging technique.The data obtained indicate that the heat radiation of the TBX fireball is far stronger than that of conventional explosives.The secondary explosion phenomenon of the TBX was recorded by high speed video.Blast processes of TBX and Comp.B were compared,and it was found that the secondary explosion has certain enhancement function on TBX blast fireball.
50. Current Situation of Study on Insensitive Composite Explosives in USA
WANG Xin
CNGC North Insititute for Scientific and Technical Information,Beijing 100089,China)
Abstract: The performance and applications of some insensitive composite explosives are introduced,including PAX formulations based on DNAN,MNX-194 melt-casting explosive,wax-binded,AFX-757,PBXN-109,PBXIH-135,PAX-2A,PAX-3 and PBX based on TATB.PAX-21 loaded in 60mm mortar cartridge,MNX-194 used in army M107/M795 155mm artillery rounds,explosives based on TATB used in modern nuclear warheads,AFX-757 filled in the Joint Air-to-Surface Stand-off Missile(JASSM),PBXN-109 used in MK-80 series general purpose bombs,BLU-109/B penetrator warhead,"penguin" anti-ship missile,PBXIH-135 filled in BLU-118B thermobaric weapon,PAX-2 used in "Hellfire" missile and other weapon systems.Insensitive explosives have applied in many weapons.
51. The Analysis about Developed Strategy of Propellant and Explosive in the Circumstances of Weapon Informationization
XIAO Zhong-liang
Department of Chemical Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)
Abstract: The relativity between propellant and explosive and weapon informationzation is analyzed.The comprehensive position and role of propellant and explosive in the development of weapon equipment are discussed.The six techniques,the conformity and exact expression of relative information content of propellants and explosives,the unity of high-energy and high-security,the controllability of energy release,the technique of cleaning combustion and explosive,the extension of physical and chemical action in process of combustion and explosive,non-lethal weapons and chemical warfare agent as basic direction and developed strategy of propellant and explosive in the circumstances of weapon informationization,are presented.
52. Numerical Simulation on Fragments Dispersion of Three Type Warheads
LI Xiang-yu,LU Fang-yun
College of Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)
Abstract: In order to obtain the integral performance of the deformable warhead,the processes of fragment dispersion of the eccentric initiation warhead,the uniform warhead and the deformable warhead with the uniform caliber and charge type are simulated using the code LS-DYNA.The fragment densities and velocity distribution of these warheads along azimuth angle and ejection angle are obtained.The results show that in comparison with the uniform warhead in the target′s direction(-30°-30°),the gain in fragment average velocity and mass of the eccentric initiations warhead is 124.6% and 103.5%, respectively,and the gain in those of the deformable warhead is 175.9% and 110.2%,respectively.The integral performance of the deformable warhead is better than that of the eccentric warhead.
53. Effect of Structural Parameters of Charge on the Driving Velocity of Axial Preformed Fragments
XING En-feng,QIAN Jian-ping,ZHAO Guo-zhi
College of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: In order to investigate the influence rule of the structural parameters of charge,such as length/diameter ratio and the thickness of shell vs.the throwing velocity of axial preformed fragments,based on the Gurney formula hypothesis,the hypothetical condition of two-dimensional motion of detonation products is proposed.The relationship between the driving velocity of axial preformed fragments and charge length/diameter ratio as well as the thickness of shell is derived and obtained.The influence of the charge structure parameters of axial preformed fragment ammunition on the throwing velocity of axial preformed fragments is simulated.The influence rule of the structural parameters of charge on the throwing velocity of axial preformed fragments, and the distribution rule of driving velocity of axial preformed fragments on radial direction is obtained by the derived relationship modified with simulated results.
54. The Safety Evaluation of the Close Building under the Tunnel Blasting Vibration
ZHU Ji-hong
China Railway Tunnel Stock Co.LTD,Luoyang Henan 471009,China
Abstract: Based on the rift of the close building and damage of window glass produced by tunnel blasting vibration from excavating the tunnel between Xiamen City Xianyue road and the Yanwu bridge and the data obtained by monitoring the detonation parameters and shaking speeds,the safety of the building is evaluated.The probable damage cause produced by vibration is analyzed.Some suggestion of adjusting detonation parameters at any time under scene condition and considering the various factors affecting the safety evaluation of this building are presented.
55. Analysis of Similitude Law of Rod-shaped Projectile Penetrating into Compound Target with Water Interlayer
LI Cheng-bing~1;PEI Ming-jing~2,SHEN Zhao-wu~1
1.Department of Modern Mechanics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China
2.Spaceflight College,Northwest Polly University,Xi′an 710072,China)
Abstract: In order to reduce development cost and periods,the dimension analysis and similitude law were applied to study the formation of rod-shaped projectile and its penetration into the compound target with water interlayer.The results indicate that if the figuration,standoff and initiation position of mode warhead and prototype warhead meet geometrical similitude,moreover materials of mode and prototype warheads are same and the charges are initiated by the same method,the formation processes of the rod-shaped projectiles are similar.The velocities of final projectiles are equal and their figurations are also similar.The process of penetrating the compound target shows that the velocity losses of mode and prototype projectiles are equal when they break through the corresponding thickness water layer.The penetration depth of projectiles penetrating the compound target accords with the similitude rule.Experiments validate conclusions are obtained by theoretical analysis.
56. The Research Deveopment of the Hydroreactive Metal Fuel used for Water-ramjet Engine
LI Shi-liang,ZHANG Wei,ZHU Hui,WANG Chun-hua,ZHOU Xing
College of Aerospace and Material Engineering,NationalUniversity of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)
Abstract: The hydroreactive metal fuel and waterramjet engine as cruising propulsion system of the high speed torpedo or spacecraft propulsion system have been proposed,and the fundamental of propulsion system has also been introduced.The characteristics and reaction mechanism of hydroreactive metal fuel have been analyzed with magnesium as example under different magnesium/water combinations of states.It is suggested that the combinations of metal fuel with water and ignition and combustion property tailoring are three key technologies for the application of hydroreactive metal fuel and water-ramjet engine.With a detailed review on related researches,the deficiency and expectation about the development of hydroreactive metal fuel and related technologies in China have been put forward with 22 references.
57. Application of Hydroreactive Metal Fuel in Super-Cavitation Torpedo Propulsion System
ZHAO Wei-bing,SHI Xiao-feng,YI Yin,HAN Xin-bo
The 705 Research Institute,CSIC,Xi′an 710075,China)
Abstract: Based on the comparison and analysis of the hydroreactive metal fuel and other fuels,the most potential hydroreactive metal fuel system used in super-cavitation torpedo are indicated.On the basis of the thermodynamic calculation,the energy characteristics of hydroreactive metal fuel and the factors affecting the characteristics are analyzed.The possible approaches of using the hydroreactive metal fuel in super-cavitation torpedo propulsion system are discussed.The results indicate that the hydroreactive metal fuel possesses outstanding high power energy characteristics and taking seawater outside torpedo as one of the power energy,and can obviously improve fuels loading capability of super-cavitation torpedo.The fuel is the best choice on power energy for super-cavitation torpedo.The hydroreactive metal fuel can be applied in jet engine in liquid or solid,but the ambient pressure influences engine specific impulse deeply,and the operation efficiency reduces with increasing the running depth.
58. Explosion Performance of Thermobaric Fuel Containing Boron
PEI Ming-jing~(1,2),MAO Gen-wang~1,ZHENG Kai-wei~2,GU Ren-hong~2,CHEN Li-qiang~2
1.Northwest Polly University,Xi′an 710072,China
2.Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi′an 710024,China)
Abstract: The energy efficiency of boron powder in the explosion of thermobaric fuel was studied.Properties of the fuel containing boron powder were compared with those of fuels containing magnesium powder and aluminum powder using theoretical calculation and test in lab and measuring in field explode.The results indicate that the potential energy of the fuel containing boron powder was far higher than the fuels containing magnesium powder and aluminum powder distinctly.But the boron powder was difficult to fire and burn in the fuels.In field exploding test,the overpressure of shockwave of the fuel containing boron powder had no apparent advantage compared to the samples containing magnesium powder and aluminum powder in the same measure point.The fireball temperature of the fuel containing boron was higher,and the higher temperature fireball sustained a long time.In order to raise energy efficiency of the boron powder in fuel,it is necessary to provide initial high temperature environment and a appropriate oxygen thickness,and improve the characteristic combustibility of boron particles.
59. Analyzing Several Evaluation Methods for Mission Reliability of Missile Warhead
LI Gen-cheng,JIANG Tong-min
Institute of Reliability Engineering,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100083,China)
Abstract: In order to evaluate the reliability of the missile warhead whose configuration is subject to change,two evaluation methods based on AMSAA model and Gompertz model respectively,which are suitable for the success or failure product,are presented.These evaluation methods are applied to estimate the reliability of a warhead by adopting source data which is collected from its development phase,and the reliability values obtaining from two model evaluation methods are compared with the ones obtaining from the traditional evaluation methods.It is found that the lower limit value of confidence obtaining from the binomial distribution evaluation method is less than the one obtaining from the hyper-geometric distribution evaluation method,and these two lower limits is less than the one obtaining from the AMSAA model evaluation method,and the point evaluation value obtaining from the traditional evaluation method is less than the one obtaining from the Gompertz model evaluation method.The reason for obtaining different values from the different evaluation methods using the same test data is analyzed.The conclusion is that the values of reliability obtaining from the AMSAA model method and Gompertz model method are more credible,because the changing of reliability has been taken into account in both methods.
60. Experimental Study of Jet Initiation of Shield PBX
ZHOU Tao,YUAN Bao-hui,LIANG Zhengfeng
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: To get the condition of critical initiation of shield PBX and composition B by jet,a penetration and detonation experiment is designed.The critical thickness of shield planes are obtained from penetrating and detonating of different thickness of shield PBX and composition B by jet.The head velocity and diameter of remainder jet after penetration corresponding to the critical thickness of shield planes are determined from flash X ray experiment.The initiatiny criterion values u~2d of shield PBX and compositon B are 38.4mm~3/μs~2 and(15.5mm~3/μs~2),respectively.The correctness of the experimental results is validated by contrasting the critical detonation of shield composition B in experiment and in reference.Under the same condition of critical thickness of shield plane,the results obtained by the penetration and detonation experiments of different thickness of shield PBX and composition B show that it is disadvantageous for jet to initiation when the thickness of explosive is thin.
61. Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stress Distribution in a Frag-Demolition Shell Charge
WANG Jing-yu~1,HOU Cong-hua~1,LI Jun~2,GUO Yan-li~1
1.Department of Environment and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;
2.Special Accoutrement of North Co.Ltd,Mudanjiang Heilongjiang 157000,China)
Abstract: Stress-strain features in the course of charge were analyzed to study the effect of residual stress on the application safety of frag-demolition shell(FDS).Hypothesizing that the stress distributions don′t refer to stress-strain history of explosive in pressing process,the stress in the condition of steady load for charge of projectile body is analyzed and calculated by two methods: one is that the whole projectile body is divided into smaller lattices to solve,the other one is that the whole projectile body is divided into smaller lattices firstly,and then local lattices are bridged according to the need for solving.The comparison shows that there is no marked difference between two calculated results.Numerical results reveal that stress distribution of the charge body concentrates on the bottom of diffusion pore.The maximum stress is 1.907×10~(-3)MPa and the yield limit of briquetting explosive pillar in the same density of pressing explosive is 8.67MPa.There is apparent difference between the two.The maximum distortion in locality results from action of stress is 2.71×10~(-9)m.The distortion can recovery.
62. Relationship between the Impact Sensitivity and Modulus of HTPB-Based PBX
MA Ping,LI Jian-min,YANG Rong-jie
College of Material Science and Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
Abstract: In order to improve the vulnerability of HTPB-based plastic-bonded explosives(PBX),the correlations between the impact sensitivity and modulus of the PBX were studied.A series of HTPB-based PBX with different mechanical modulus were prepared by varying curing parameters or content of HTPB.The impact sensitivity of the PBX was characterized by H_(50) drop height.The results show that the impact sensitivity of the PBX was different.The impact sensitivity decreases with the reduction of tensile and compress modulus of the PBX.The mechanism and factors of modulus affecting impact sensitivity were theoretically analyzed,considering that the impact sensitivity could be adjusted by the mechanical properties of the PBX.
63. Measurement of the Content and Distribution of Deterrent in Gun Propellant
LEE Li~1,ZHANG Yu-rong~1,MENG Zhan-hai~1,CAO Qing-guo~2,XIN Xue-wu~3
1.Department of Guns Engineering,Ordnance Engineering College,Shijiazhuang 050003,China
2.Unit 73906,Nanjing 210000,China
3.North Mechanics Ltd.Co.,Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161000,China)
Abstract: The content of deterrent and its content distribution in a new propellant were measured with gas chromatography.With the help of some hypothesis and the data of extraction time and extracted camphor mass,a model describing the content distribution of deterrent in the propellant was established.The error of experimental result was analyzed.The interior ballistic performance of propellant under certain camphor content was calculated.The effect of camphor content and content distribution on the main index of interior ballistics,p_m,v_0 was argued.The result shows that the presented hypothesis is reasonable.The content and content distribution of camphor in the propellant affect remarkably the interior ballistic performance.
64. Effect of Structural Parameters of Brush-shaped Charge of Small-sized Rocket Motor on Initial Flying Velocity
YANG Deng-yun,HOU Shang-qing
Military Office,Jiangyang Chemistry Factory,Taiyuan 030008,China)
Abstract: In order to obtain an initial flying velocity(v) with good consistency,the effect of structural parameters of brush-shaped charge used in small-sized rocket motor on the value of v is studied.15 lots of charge products are selected to carry out theoretical analysis and experimental verification through variance of charge elements such as the tube dimension,thickness of fixing glue plate and charge mass,etc.affecting the initial flying velocity of rockets.The optimal charge structural parameters of satisfying the technical specifications of products and the consistency of initial flying velocity of rockets are obtained.The consistency of initial flying velocity is assured by increasing the charge mass appropriately,matching the outer diameter of propellant tube and number of tubes reasonably,and maintaining the consistency of thickness of the fixing glue plate.
65. Influence of Initiation Way on the Formation and Armor-piercing Performance of the Rod Projectile
LI Cheng-bing~1,PEI Ming-jing~2,SHEN Zhao-wu~1,ZHANG Jing-sen~2,LI Shi-wei~2,LIU Yu~2,YU Qin~2,CHEN Li-qiang~2,GU Renhong~2
1.Department of Modern Mechanics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China
2.Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi′an 710024,China)
Abstract: The LS-DYNA software was applied to simulate the detonation wave front,pressure field and shape and velocity distribition of the rod projectile under center point initiation,plane wave initiation and annular wave initiation.The results indicated that the detonation waves formed under the plane wave initiation and annular wave initiation will collapse the liner with smaller angle and larger speed,and then their final velocities and length/diameter rate of the high-velocity rod projectile weve was better than those formed under point initiation.The effects of point initiation,annular initiation, three-point initiation and different initiation radius on the speed and armor-piercing power of the rod projectiles were studied by experiments.The experimental results showed that the velocity and armor-piercing depth of the rod projectiles formed under annular initiation and three-point initiation exceeded those formed under the center point initiation significantly.The performance of large annular initiation was better than that of small annular initiation.But the effect of initiation ways on the shape of the rod projectile and perforating aperture was not obvious.
66. Effect of Initiation Ways on Jet Formation of Linear Shaped Charge
YI Jian-kun~1,JIANG Xin-quan~2,PENG Hao~1
1.Engineering Institute of Engineer Corps,PLA University of Science & TechnologyNanjing 210007,China
2.68331 Corps,Shannxi Huayin 714200,China)
Abstract: The flexible blasting cutter applied widely in blasting engineering is chosen as the object of this research.No considering the effect of the free end of linear shaped charge,a theoretic analysis and a numerical simulation analysis for the jet formation process of linear shaped charge with three different ways of initiation are performed.The results that:(1) The magnitude of velocity of jet head with area initiations at end is the largest, that with line initiations takes second place,the smallest is the speed of jet head formed at vicinity of end with end point-initiation,but it can reach the magnitude of that with end area initiations at some distance from the end.(2) The velocity at any position from jet head to jet rear of linear shaped charge with end area-initiation is largest among three ways of initiation,and that with point initiation at end is initially smaller than that with line initiations at everywhere from the head to rear of jet,but with distance from the end of linear shaped charge increasing,those velocities at every positions from head to rear of jet with point initiation at end can increase to the same magnitudes as with end area-initiation.On the base of obtained results,three numerical simulation methods for the cutting process of linear shaped charge with three different ways of initiation are presented.
67. Synthesis of Trinitropyridine and its N-Oxide
ZHAO Jian-min~1,LI Jia-rong~1,WEI Xiao-jie~1,LI Wen-ting~1,DONG Hai-shan~2
1.School of Chemical Engineering and Environment,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China
2.Institute of Chemical Engineering and Material,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,China)
Abstract: 2,2-Dinitropropane-1,3-diol was synthesized from nitromethane in low temperature by oxidative nitration method.Silver was successfully recycled with a yield upon 93% and reused in the synthesis of 2,2-dinitropropane-1,3-diol.Potassium 2,2-dinitroethanol,the key intermediatecompound for synthesis of trinitropyridine(TNPy),was prepared through one-pot method with a yield upon 62%,which is 10% higher than conventional method.Controlling the pH value in the range of 1-2,trinitropyridine N-oxide(TNPyO) was synthesized by the cyclization of potassium 2,2-dinitroethanol in 68% nitric acid at 50-60℃.Maintaining the temperature between 80-90 ℃,TNPyO can be further reduced to produce TNPy by refluxing for 1 h;The yields of TNPyO and TNPy are 50% and 15%,respectively.TNPyO can also be prepared from potassium 2,2dinitroethanol under phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.The products were characterized by IR,nuclear magnetic resonance,elemental analysis and EI-MS.
68. Analysis of Following Projectile Effected by Precursory Charge of Tandem Warhead
WANG Shu-you,CHEN Hui-wu,ZHAO You-shou
School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science & Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: To judge explosive stability and estimate speed reducing of the following projectile of tandem warhead under the blast of the precursory charge,a theoretical analysis model of the one-dimension shock wave spreading is established.Incidence pressure of the explosive of following projectile is obtained through diagram.The explosive safety is estimated through comparing incidence pressure with critical pressure of initiation.By use of momentum theorem,the formula of speed reducing of secondary KE projectile is set up.Numerical simulation of tandem warhead is conducted.The results of incidence pressure of the explosive of following projectile and speed reducing of secondary KE projectile are obtained.The deformation diagram of following projectile of numerical simulation is in good agreement with that of experiment.
69. Study on Control Cloud of Twice-Detonating FAE by T-Type Charge of Burster
XIAO Shao-qing
Xiamen Blasting Engineering Company,Xiamen Fujian 361012,China)
Abstract: To control the premature-combustion,shape,diameter and height of the FAE clouds under the new FAE bomb,T-type charge with different diameters made of the two kinds of explosive is designed.The two kinds of explosive are charged in interval and there is the inert material in the remainder space between them.The designed and chosen factors of the radius,height,detonating velocity,density and the ratio of burster and fuel are given on the two kinds of explosive in accordance with its aim and function.The propagating condition of the big charge′s detonating wave is theoretically derived in the precondition of the big charge is ignited by the planar detonating wave of the small charge.The static detonation test is carried out by a new bomb of Φ330mm×430mm with the macroscopical solid fuel.The processes that the fuel dispersed and the FAE clouds detonated are recorded by a KODAK EKTAPRO EM motion analyzer.The diameter,height and volume of the FAE clouds are analyzed.The results demonstrate that T-type charge of burster controls the shape,diameter,height and the volume of the FAE clouds efficaciously,and restrains the premature-combustion specially.
70. The Safety Analysis of the Step-Press-Loading Charges
WANG Shu-Ping
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: The characteristic of charge structure in step-press-loading charge are introduced.The safety simulation test of high explosive with various density is proformed by a big impact loading unit and the experimental results are analyzed theoretically.The result shows that the ignition threshold value of the charge without defect is higher.For charges with defect, the more the void ratio,the higher the value,indicating that a higher quality charge can improve the safety of overload resistance of charge,the specific void ratio can enhance over-load capability,and the density distribution of steppress-loading is beneficial for safety of overload resistance of charge.
71. Research of ST Propellant Used in Composite Rocket-assisted Projectile with Low Ablation
FU Chao-xin,QIAO Hua,AI Qing-zhu,YU Hong-jiang,YANG Yu
Liaoning Qingyang Chemical Industry Corporation,Liaoyang Liaoning 111002,China)
Abstract: In order to increase the firing range of composite rocket-assisted projectile and decrease the ablation of nozzle,the ST propellant used for rocket-assisted BB projectile is developed.The Φ50mm motor steel nozzle′s ablation experiment,static and dynamic experiment of an certain rocket-assisted BB projectile moter and intension experiment are carried out.The results show that the ST propellant has the characteristics of higher energy,low combustion temperature,low ablation and high overload resistance and can meet the design specification of assorted types of rocket-assisted BB projectile.
72. Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Initiation of Shielded Composition B Impacted by Fragment
LIANG Zheng-feng,YUAN Bao-hui
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: The critical detonating velocity of 6mm steel shielded composition B impacting by small fragment and pole fragment is researched by means of academic engineering calculating(method 1),numerical simulating(method 2) and experiment validating(method 3).The results show that the critical velocities of shielded composition B impacting by small fragment gained by three methods are approximately equivalent.But for pole fragment,the critical velocity gained by method 1 is less than that gained by method 2 and 3 and the critical velocities gained by methods 2 and 3 are approximately equivalent,showing that the academic engineering calculating formula isn't applicable for pole fragment as a result of lacking impacting area parameter.The results obtained by method 3 show that a small fragment with mass of 4.65g,velocity of 2522m/s can detonate compotition B with 6mm armor covered plate,and a pole fragment with mass of 8.78g,diameter of 5mm and velocity of 2161m/s can detonate composition B charge with 6mm armor covered plate.
73. Analysis of the Factors Influencing Initial Pressure Peak Value of Solid Rocket Motor
WANG Chen~1,ZHENG Chao-min~2,XU Si-yu~2
1.Xi′an North Huian Chemical Industry Co.Ltd,Xi′an 710302,China
2.Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: Based on the phenomena of initial pressure peak value being high in certain solid rocket motor,the factors that causing the initial pressure peak high:energy properties and initial combustion surface of solid propellant,igniter in motor,testing systems and assembling process of motor are analyzed in theory and validated by experiments.The results show that the thick coat of inner canister in the motor make the initial ventilated parameter of the assembled motor large,and the unreasonable assembling process produces propellant scraps.These all result in initial pressure peak value over high.
74. Study of Improving Mechanical Performance of High-Energy Nitroamine Propellant
ZHAO Yi~1,HUANG Zhen-ya~2,LIU Shao-wu~3,YANG Wen-bao~3,ZHANG Yuan-bo~3
1.China North Industries Group Corporation, Beijing 100089,China
2.School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
3.Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: To meet the requirement of mechanical performance of propellant used in high pressure gun, the binder system in the basic formulation of RGD7 high-energy nitroamine was optimized and interface adhesive properties between the binder system and high-energy solid fillings, RDX and NQ were analyzed. The mechanical performance of RGD7 high-energy nitroamine propellant had been greatly improved by adding bonding agent in the formulation of the propellant.
75. A Method of Charge Ballistics Design Based on Multiple Attributes
WANG Jing~(1,2),YUAN Ya-xiong~1
1.Power Engineer College, NUST, Nanjing 210094,China
2.Guilin Air Force Academy,Guilin 541003,China)
Abstract: With a combination of calculation and evaluation of charge ballistic schemes, a new charge ballistic design method based on multiple attributes is presented. According to this method the multiple attributes decision-making models of charge ballistic are set up respectively based on three interior ballistic models. Charge design variables and weights of attributes can be adjusted easily according to the characteristics of gun and an order of charge design schemes is got by solving decision-making model. The choice of charge ballistics scheme is much more scientific because the design and evaluation of charge ballistics can be done simultaneously with this method and all schemes can be compared with each other before tests. It can be a guidance for ground tests. A case demonstrates the method is efficacious.
76. Properties of Anti-high-loading Fuel-Air-Explosive
PEI Ming-jing~(1,2), XU Xue-zhong~2, HU Hua-quan~2, ZHANG Hu-cheng~2, LI Ming~2, CHEN Li-qiang~2, GU Ren-hong~2
1. Northwest Polly University, Xi′an 710072, China
2. Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi′an 710024,China
3.Jiangyang Chemical Plant,Taiyuan 030041,China)
Abstract: The physico-chemical properties, explosion power and anti-overloading of the anti-high-loading FAE was studied using experimental method. The investigation contents include the FAE's internal contact compatibility, friction sensitivity, impact sensitivity, explosion power in static test, the deflagration process of the different kinds of FAE blast, and the states changing of the fuel undergone the varied impact and shooting loads. The experimental results show that the ratio-power of this fuel is 2.0 times of TNT equivalence, and its density is more than 1.55g/cm~3,and its internal contact compatibility and stability is good. This fuel is safe for the overloading of more than 2×10~5m/s~2,this performance can meet the technical requirements of safety in industrialization production.
77. The Current Situation and Future Development Direction of Explosively Formed Projectile Technology
LIANG Zheng-feng,HU Huan-xing
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: The design principle of explosively formed project (EFP) with high velocity, stability of aerodynamics and gratifying penetration capability were summarized, and several liner configuration design techniques in which fins can be formed to enhance the stability of aerodynamics were introduced. By introducing some experiments, simulations and applying examples of other researchers about EFP, the development direction and applycation foreground are put forward.
78. A Novel Technology for Detecting Solid Rocket Propellant Plumes
SUN Mei, WANG Hong, WANG Zhong, DUAN An-ping
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an710065, China)
Abstract: An advanced facility and corresponding method for real-time detecting exhaust plume of rocket motors have been established. In order to determine the experiment conditions of detecting the plumes using this new facility and method, the electro-magnetic wave transmittances of plumes of rocket motors loaded with four types of solid propellants respectively, were measured. The experimental results indicate that this new technique can be used to characterize signatures of various types of propellants with satisfactory repeatability and accuracy.
79. Variance Analysis of the Effects of Initial Parameters of Propellant on Maximum Pressure
FENG De-cheng~1, WENG Chun-sheng~1, WANG Ji-tong~2
1. College of Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
2. Luzhou North Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Luzhou 646000, China)
Abstract: Propellant web size and charge weight are important random factors, which affect gun maximum pressure. According to the test data of some anti-airplane gun cartridge,the variance analysis method is applied to investigate the influence of propellant web size and charge weight on the gun maximum pressure. Furthmore, every factor in the test presents two different levels and each level selects two different samples, respectively. Based on the analysis of samples statistics, the effects which various factors have on the maximum pressure are tested. The results show that propellant web size is more sensitive, which can be a reference to charge design of gun.
80. An Experimental Study on the Charge Behind Composite Targets Impacted by A Tungsten Alloy Fragment
HUANG Jing, XIAO Chuan, LI Jin-qing
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an,710065, China)
Abstract: A tungsten alloy fragment produced by a fragment warhead was used to impact the charge behind composite targets (melt-loading H-6 explosive). Whether the explosion or burn phenomenon of the edargs would happen was observed. The industry CT was used to analyze the erosion circumstance of the charge behind composite targets impacted by a tungsten alloy fragment. The results show that although the tungsten alloy fragment produced by a fragment warhead has higher speed, but after crossing the certain thickness composite targets, its kinetic energy reduces very quickly, and bursts into pieces. This is one of the main reasons why the tungsten alloy fragment doesn't initiate the charge.
81. The Technology of Powerful Precision Shaped Charge Warhead
SUN Jian, HU Huan-xing
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: Precision shaped charge warhead technology is a major way to improve the penetration power and stability, which consists of following key techniques: powerful explosive, precise charge, precise liner and precise assembly. This paper presents following research result that the penetration ratio (depth to caliber) up to 10 has been achieved by using the precision shaped charge warhead technology. Using this technology in shaped charge warhead will greatly improve the penetration power.
82. Experimental Investigation on Damage to Simulative Warheads by Different Fragments
LI Jin-qing,HU Huan-xing
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: The damage experiments were designed by using different shape fragments to hit different simulative warheads for studing anti-cruise missile, and the damage of simulative target warheads caused by different hit kinetic energy and shock wave was invesigated. The results of experiments indicate that only shock wave can not damage warheads of cruise missile effectively, and conventional warheads can not detonate the cruise missile effectively. In order to damage cruise missile effectively, the velocity, dispers density, mass of fragments should be studied synthetically in the designs of anti-missile warheads.
83. Analysis of Shock Characteristic for Explosion Seismic Waves
HAO Zhong-hu, LIN Da-chao, BAI Chun-hua
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, P R China)
Abstract: The shock characteristic of explosion seismic waves is studied in this work. According to the experimental results, the irregular change of time histories of particle vibration is discussed in the period of strong motion, and it is found that the Fourier spectrum can not describe the shock property of strong motion. The presented result provides a useful theoretical basis for the safety analysis of structures subjected to blasting vibrations.
84. Solid Propellants and Warheads Practised by US Forces in War on Iraq
ZHANG Hai-Yan
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an710065, China)
Abstract: This paper introduces several novel or modified munitions practised by US-UK Joint Force in war on Iraq, with the emphasis on technical analysis of the solid propellant composition and warhead types, indicating that the propellant and warhead used mainly in the munition in service of US Forces are HTPB propellants and penetration warheads.
85. High Energy Deterred Propellant Using for Propulsion of Guided Missile
WANG Qiong-lin~(1,2), LIU Shao-wu~1, TANG Hui-min~2
1. Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China
2. Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: High energy deterred-propellant often result in high muzzle velocity and low barrel maximum pressure. A tank gun propulsion system for guided missile was investigated in this paper. The propulsion system contains GR propellant and polymer deterrent. GR propellant contains NC,NG, and RDX. It was observed that the propulsion system has low maximum pressure, high muzzle velocity, and low muzzle smoke. This improvement in interior ballistic performance was achieved by a combination of high oxygen-containing and diffusion-stable deterrent, increased energy content and very progressive burning behavior.
86. Analysis on the Physical Stability of the Solid-liquid Mixed Fuel
ZHANG Qi, YAN Hua, BAI Chun-hua
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China)
Abstract: The quantitative analysis on the physical stability of the solid-liquid mixed fuel is introduced and the optimal state of filling the mixed fuel and the influence of the state of the mixed fuel on the deflection of the mass of the warhead and full-rigged projectile are studied. The results indicate that the solid-liquid mixed fuel in saturated state is an optimum state of ensuring the physical stability. The proportion of the solid and liquid ingredients depends on the actual and apparent densitits of the solid ingredient and the density of the liquid ingredient. Oversaturated state is a principal factor that leads to the delamination of the mass of the mixed fuel and reduces to the precision of the launching.
87. The Calculation of Penetration of a Continuous Shaped Charge Jet Based on The Virtual Origin Concept
YI Jian-kun,WU Teng-fang, LI Yu-chung
Engineering Institute of Engineer Corps PLA Univ. of Sci. & Tech, Nanjing210007, China)
Abstract: The classical penetration equation based on the virtual origin theory can well describe the penetration behaviour of the continuous jet with linear velocity distribution. But for the continuous jet which velocity gradient is not linear, it has not only one virtual origin. From two aspects which are finite segments linear approximation for the nolinear velocity distribution and jet's strain rate, the issue that whether the virtual origin concepts can extend to the penetration calculation of the continuous jet with a nolinear velocity gradient.
88. Requirements of the Extended Range Technology of Large Caliber Projectile for Solid Propellants
LI Shangwen,ZHAO Fengqi,LUO Yang,CHEN Pei
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: The development of the extended range technology of projectile is promoting much longer range for a large caliber gun, so the extended range projectile will be a new direction of ammunition development in 21st century. The technologies on base bleed assistant range, rocket assistant range, and ramjet engine assistant range are introduced briefly in this paper. Moreover, the special requirements for the properties of various solid propellants(base bleed propellant, rocket propellant and fuel-rich propellant), which act as a supporting technology to the extended range projectile are discussed respectively.
89. Experimental Investigation of Parameters of the FAE Blast Field
ZHANG Tao,HUI Junming,GUO Xueyong
Chemical School of NUST,Nanjing210094, China)
Abstract: According to the FAE static blast experiment, the experimental data of three parameters (overpressure, positive pressure time and impulse) were obtained, and the separate fitting formulas were given.Investigation results indicated that the FAE blast field was divided into cloud zone, cloud boundary zone and shock wave zone, the first two were strong damage zones.In the cloud zone,overpressure and impulse fluctuated slowly, and it maintained high overpressure and strong impulse features, and its positive pressure time fluctuated between 1.18 ms and 1.27 ms.Beyond the cloud zone,overpressure and impulse presented decay trend, however the trend was more slow in the shock wave zone than in the boundary zone. Positive pressure time presented growth trend in the latter two zones, however the increase was more rapid in the boundary zone than in the shock wave zone.
90. Experimental Study on Gun Propellant Plasma Ignition in Closed Bomb
ZHANG Xiaobing, YUAN Yaxiong, XIE Yushu
Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing210094, China)
Abstract: The effects of plasma on burning behavior of gun propellants are carried out in a closed bomb. The effects of different experiments factors such as different propellants, plasma energy, inductance on gun propellant combustion are analyzed. The experimental results play an important role in the research of electrothermal chemical gun.
91. The Choices of Delay Time of Tandem Shaped Charge Warhead
HU Huanxing
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: Two ways for determining the delay time between initiations of the two stages of tandem shaped charge warhead (TSCW) was proposed through analyzing the characteristics of explosive reactive armor (ERA). The formulas and examples for calculating the delay time were also introduced in this paper.
92. Experimental Study on the Ultimate Adverse Effect of the Space between Target Plates on Jet Penetration Depth
LIANG Zhengfeng, HU Huanxing, JIAO Yudong
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: A relative curve of jet penetration depth vs the space between target plates and the ultimate adverse effect of disconnected target on the depth were determined by this experimental study. At every layer of disconnected target, the penetration depth of jet would be reduced about 5.5% when the space between target plates was the ultimate adverse value for jet penetrating. The phenomenon of experiments showed that the splash of jet between target plates is an important adverse factor for jet penetrating into disconnected target.
93. The Stress Function of Fuel on the Shell of FAE Warhead During Launching
YAN Hua, ZHANG Qi, BAI Chunhua
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China)
Abstract: By building up a mechanic model, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of FAE warhead shell are introduced in the paper, and a new design method is put forward. The paper indicates that when the fuel is over loaded, the lateral deformation of shell should not be ignored. This force and the axial force caused by the acceleration of over loading should be considered as an important reference in design of shell.
94. Feasibility Analysis of DIANP Propellant in Bomb Throwing Gun Charge
WEI Xuetao, Qing Hui
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: Interior ballitic properties of using 1,5Diazido3nitraza pentane (DIANP) propellant in bomb throwing gun charge are discussed in this paper. The experiments show that DIANP propellent charge not only has good interior ballitic property, but also overcome the defect of porous propellant 125 charge, such as low energy, high hygroscopicity, unreasonable charge combustion character, and improve the high erosion and the serious muzzle flame existed in the present propellant charge containing high nitroglycerine.
95. Discussion on Prediction of Storage Life of Missile Engine with Viscoelastic Theory
GAO Ming
The Ministry of the Navy Arming of PLA, Beijing100841, China)
Abstract: This paper presents a new forecasting method of solid propellant service life based on viscoelastic theory, and analyzes possibility and reliability of the method. The research results indicate that this method not only reduces test cycle and increases battle effectiveness, but also saves plenty of labor force, material resources and treasure, and brings much better economical and military benefits.
96. Comparative Study of the Loading State and Structure for the Mixed Fuel
LIANG Hui min, ZHANG Qi, BAI Chun hua
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: The warhead of FAE is needed to have certain operational temperature range. The volume of the mixed fuel in the shell will be changed along with the environmental temperature. So there must be a pre reserved space in the warhead case. The dimension of the space is determined by several complications, such as the temperature coefficient of the mixed fuel, the intensity of the shell and the mass eccentricity of the warhead. In this paper, the method to calculate the pre reserved space in the shell is carried out, which satisfies both the safety of the warhead and the launching precision.
97. Influence of the Ratio of Height to Diameter on FAE Cloud Status
GUO Xue yong, HUI Jun ming
Chemical School of NUST, Nanjing 210094, China)
Abstract: Adopting others device parameters in a certain optimized range (1.35～5.0), influence of the ratio of height to diameter on FAE cloud status was studied through experiments. Under the condition of experiments, the result which the ratio is not the main influencing factor on the final cloud status was obtained and cloud status was determined by the quantity of filling fuel.
98. Experimental Study on Unconfined Volume Explosion Effects of Low-mass New Fuel Air Explosives
QIN You hua, ZHOU Ting qing, SHEN Zhao wu
Dept of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology, of China, Hefei 230026, China)
Abstract: Single igniting solid fuel air explosives (FAE) is discussed in the paper. The curves of change of overpressure and specific impulse with distance are got by experiment. The results show that the overpressure and specific impulse can be increased when some mental powder is put into solid sensitized fuel in a right proportion, and then the power of FAE rises correspondently.
99. Investigntion of Bursting Height of FAE Influences Blast Pressure Measuring
MIAO Chang qing, ZHANG Qi, BAI Chun hua
National Key Lab of Explosion and Safety Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: The paper introduces the experiments of FAE of the different bursting height under the same condition. The air shock wave is measured by the multiple channel data acquisition and processing system and the blast damage power to ground surface targets is evaluated by the simulation targets. The effects show that the bursting height of FAE influenced strongly the air shock wave. It influences not only the damage radius but also the acting time of shock wave and the peak value of pressure of the different distance.
100. Amplitude Characteristics of Ground Vibration Caused by Fuel Air Explosive Explosion
LIN Da chao, SHI Hui ji, BAI Chun hua
Tsinghua University ,Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract: Amplitude characteristics of ground vibration caused by fuel air explosive(FAE)explosion are studied in this paper. Under the identical charge mass and experimental field conditions, experiments are done to make comparison between the explosion seismic effects caused by FAE and TNT explosive, obtaining time histories of vertical ground vibrations. From the analysis of experimental results, it shows that FAE explosion produces much higher peak particle strength of the seismic effect .The presented result provides very useful knowledge to learn the mechanics effect caused by FAE explosion.
101. The Optimization Selection of Liquid Fuels for High Power FAE
GUI Da yong, FENG Shun shan, LIU Ji ping
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: A evaluation method of fuels for high power FAE was established based on the optimized theory of systems engineering. The optimization sorting and selection of liquid fuels were made by the method so that better liquid ingredients were obtained for high power FAE.
102. New Explosive Charge of Warhead
CHEN Lu ying
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: A new explosive charge of warhead, JOH explosive, is a pressed high polymer bonded explosive based on HMX/RDX. The main advantage of the charge is that a series of explosives with different energies can be obtained with the change of the percentage of the content of HMX/RDX. Particularly, the reasonable percentage of HMX/RDX selected can make PBX charge with the high explosion energy similar to HMX and much lower cost than it. It is shown in the test with its application in warhead that JOH explosive is a new explosive charge with high loading density and high penetration power, which can be loaded in different warheads.
103. Study of Fuel-Air Explosive Weapon Power Evaluation Indexes
XIONG Zu zhao, BAI Chun hua
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China))
Abstract: This paper,after classifying and evaluating the existing evaluation methods of the power of Fuel Air Explosive Weapons, considering comprehensively various explosion effects and the properties of the explosion field of FAE weapons and at the same time not ignoring the principle of being scientific and practical ,puts forward a new method of evaluating the self power of FAE weapons. Researches indicate that the method of using two indexes ,that is ,FAE detonation energy and generalized TNT equivalence,to evaluate the self power of FAE weapons can reflect comprehensively the properties of the explosion field .The method can also be used to compare the power between FAE weapons and that between FAE weapons and HE weapons .So the new evaluation method can be widely used.
104. Engineering Design of Controllable Rotation Discrete Rod
LIU Zhi jian
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: An exploratory engineering method was proposed to design warhead with structure of controllable rotation discrete rod. The design principle and general structure for practice testing were investigated, which is an useful attempt to design this kind of warhead.
105. Study on the Measurement Technique for Muzzle Smoke and Flash of Deterred Propellants
WANG Hong, SUN Mei, FENG Wei
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: Compared with national and international relative measurement technique, a new method of measurement for muzzle smokes and flashes was given in this article, and the results of experiments were analyzed, which may be used to further studies.
106. The Research on Propellant Performance Effect To Chamber Press and Initial Velocity
CAO Ying jun, DU Shi guo, HAN Qi wen
Ordnance Engineering College, Shijiazhuang 050003, China)
Abstract: By testing the maximal chamber and initial velocity pressure of a certain type bullet (including normal bullet?substractive propellant bullet? high temperature bullet? dry bullet and damp bullet), the effect of propellant quantity, initial temperature and volatile component on chamber press and initial velocity was analysied.
107. Measurement Study of FAE Weapon Blast Field Pressure
XIONG Zu zhao, BAI Chun hua, LIU Chang lin
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: The establishment of measuring method of FAE weapon blast pressure field will provide uniform technical measures and standard data for the preliminary study, design finalize, power comparison of FAE weapon. This paper, based on the principle of measurement engineering, considering the current measurement state of FAE weapon blast field pressure, analyzed the on the spot measurement of shock wave pressure and emphatically studied the collocation, adjustment, installation and signal management of the unconfined shock wave pressure testing system for the FAE warhead field blasting test at rest. It is proved experimentally that this shock wave pressure measuring method is scientific and valid.
108. Study of Detonation Parameters of Hydrocarbon Fuel Air Mixture
QIN You hua, SHEN Zhao wu, XIANG Wen
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China)
Abstract: One dimension model was used to study the detonation parameters of methane, ethylene, acetylene, 1,2 epoxypropane, and the effect of functional group to detonation parameters was also analysed in the paper. Results show that hydrocarbon detonation can get higher pressure and temperature on the same volume ratio of propylene oxide. It was a potential tendency to use hydrocarbon as fuel of FAE to increase its explosive effect.
109. Experimental Study on the Failure of Forming Fuel-air Cloud
GUO Yan yi, BAI Chun hua, ZHANG Qi
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: One failure mode of forming fuel air mixture, while the fuel being dispersed by explosive charge in the open air, is that the fuel air cloud gets on fire before the cloud reaching the final volume. By experiment, the fire source and the fire position were analyzed and the results were shown.
110. Stressing Innovation for Overleaping Development of Explosives and Propellants
XU Fu ming, WANG Ze shan
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)
Abstract: From the view point of the position and effects of explosives and propellants on the modern weapons and from the view point of the demands of future hi tech war on the weapons, the innovation connotation of explosives and propellants is expressed as stressing knowledge innovation, enhancing technology innovation and advancing management innovation. Five research subjects for accelerating the innovation of explosives and propellants are proposed.
111. Study on on Site Experiment of Explosion Cavity in Soil
WANG Hai liang, FENG Chang gen, WANG Li qiong
School of Mechano Electronics Engineering, BIT, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: On Site experimients are carried out in mid Pleistocene series diluvial clay blanket of Quaternary system. Nine of no lining cavity are explosive enlarged in the depth of 8.5～12.5m. The explosive charges are at the weight of 15～51kg. The explosive cavities are at the capacity of 5～20m 3. Against the semi rational calculation formulas on radius of explosive cavity in soil, the proportion factors suitable for different explosives and their reduction formula are put forward.
112. The Effect about the Outer volatilization of a Rocket Engine Charge to the Muzzle Velocity
HUANG Yu long,YANG Deng yun
Taiyuan 16 Letter 71 Member box, Taiyuan 030008,China)
Abstract: The effect of the outer volatilization of a rocket engine charge on the muzzle velocity was discussed and some ways and measures to guide manufacture were suggested.
113. Dispersal Affection of Center High Explosive Charge to Fuel
ZHANG Qi,GUO Yan yi,BAI Chun hua,WANG Zhong qi
Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
Abstract: According to observation results of the fuel dispersal process with fast kinematics analysis system,the various dispersal stages of fuel are analyzed in this paper.The dispersal affection of center high explosive charge is expounded.The investigation has shown that the fuel dispersal process can be divided into the acceleration stage,the deceleration stage and the onflow stage.In some extension,the end fuel dispersal radius has nothing to do with the canter high explosive charge mass,which is dependent on the acceleration stage and the deceleration stage of the fuel dispersal process.In the two stages the fuel moves along to the direction of radius.The fuel dispersal process is dependent on the center high explosive charge mass closely.The variors stages of the fuel dispersal should be described in the various mechanics model.
114. Discussion on Problems of Uni modular and Bi modular Charges in the Modular Propelling Charge System
ZHAO Yi, XING Yu ren
Department 3 of China North Industries Group Corporation, Beijing 100089, China)
Abstract: Based on the development history of the Modular Propelling charge System, uni modular and bi modular charges were compared. Problems and the solution of uni modular charge were pointed out. Finally bi modular propelling charge was suggested to be the first choice for the 155 mm howitzer in china.
115. Study on Size Effect of Projectile Filling under the Impact
WANG Shu ping
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: Using a large sized impact simulating device, the simulating experiments of the projectile filling with different sizes of diameter was done, the effect of charge diameter on the sensitivity under the impact function is analyzed, which provides suitable size of simulating charge for studying the charge launch safety behavior.
116. Study on Prescription Designed of the New Type Inhibitor
JI Yue ping, ZHANG Yu xiang, LU Xian ming, ZHOU Cheng
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: According to the erosion mechanisms of gun barrel, a series of new prescription of inhibitor is designed, and erosion test is carried on by half equipment in laboratory. Two kinds of optimum prescription and their composition are determained.
117. The Design Analysis on the Controllable Rotation Discrete Rod
LIU Zhi jian,XIAO Chuan,WANG Qin hui
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,China)
Abstract: This paper discusses the fundamental theories on the controllable rotation design of the discrete rode, which plays an important guidance role in the design of the warhead with a controllable rotation rod.The equation group of explosion dynamics on the expansion movement of the controllable rotation rod was set up.
118. Study on Adaptability of Element of Charge to Tropical Environment’
ZHAO Yong xiang
Huian Chemistry Factory, Xi'an 710302, China)
Abstract: This article provides a method for studying the adaptability of element of charge to tropical environment and has given the change trendency of the main technical index of element of charge.This is instructive to development,production and acceptance of element of charge.
119. Study on the Heat Self-ignition Tests of Gun Propellants
LU Gui e,JIANG Jin yong,CHEN Ming hua,LIU Li bin
Ordnance Engineering Institute,Shijiazhuang 050000, China)
Abstract: The heat self ignition tests of some gun propellants in the stack containers with diameter 200～300mm were carried out.The self ignition times at given temperature have been obtained and compared with those in the stack container with diameters 37~85mm.It is shown that the large scale test is indispensable to study of the self ignition of gun propellants.
120. Development and Application of LEMP Simulating Device
CHEN Ya zhou,LIU Shang he,WEI Guang hui
Ordnance Engineering College,Shijiazhuang 050003, China)
Abstract: In this paper,a LEMP simulating device composed of surge generator and a set of parallel plate transverse electromagnetic cell(PPTC) is presented.Remote radiative field of lighting electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) can be simulated by this device.Experiment has been done to verify the feasibility of the device,on base of which tentative experiment on typical electroexplosive device (EED) has been carried out.
121. Energetic Characteristic of Ammonium Dinitramide Propellants
LIU Jiao hong,TIAN De yu,ZHAO Yan hui,PANG Ai min
Normat School,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China)
Abstract: Ammonium dinitramide is a new kind of stable high energetic oxidizer,whose monopropellant specific impulse is 2003.2Ns/kg at the expansion of 68.05/1 and the combustion temperature is 2100K. Replacing ammonium perchlorate with Ammonium dinitramide in HTPB propellant can increase specific impulse for 104.5Ns/kg;The low signature propellant formed with GAP and ADN has a specific impulse of 2607Ns/kg,and GAP/ADN/RDX propellant a specific impulse of 2630Ns/kg.
122. Dispersion Characteristics of Single event FAE
XU Xue zhong, PEI Ming jing, WANG Yu hui, WEI Hai ying
Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi′an 710024, China)
Abstract: The dispersion Velocity, Radius and temperature of the fuel with explosive reaction were measured by use of high speed photography and infrared transducers. Analysis of these data shows: the maximum speed, was achieved in 2 milliseconds after the fuel went of shell, higher dispersion velocity were obtained in all tests. The moving process of fuel was affected by device structure..
123. Relationship between liquid and Solid Component Proportion and Microcosmic Size
ZHANG Qi, BAI Chun hua, LING Hui min
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: The random distribution of metal particle sizes is expressed by fractal theory in this paper. The relationship between the solid fuel particle size characteristic and the proportion between the fuel components in FAE and its microcosmic structure is set up. Through the analysis on the example, the way in which the mixed fuel microcosmic size is found by the solid and liquid fuel component proportion is introduced. The criterion condition under which the mixed fuel becomes saturated is discussed. The contents are bases for investigating the nature of affecting defonation by the fuel components proportion and its physical and chemical characteristic.
124. The Application of Oblate Spherical Powder to High Loading Density Gun Propellant Charge
XIAO Zheng gang,ZHOU Wei liang,YING San jiu,SHI Jie
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094,China)
Abstract: This paper deals with the forming technique of the oblate spherical powder and the feasibility of applying it to the large caliber gun propellant charge with high loading density. The free loading test results in simulated cartridge show that the use of oblate spherical powder could be applied to increase the loading density effectively. The 30mm antiaircraft gun firing test results by using the deterred oblate spherical powder show that the muzzle velocity increases 2.1% more than that of the standard charge, as the loading proportion of the oblate spherical powder in the charge increases to some degree, while the maximum chamber pressures remain almost constant. The ignition of the charges is safe. The results of 100H shot show that it is feasible and effective to apply this kind of propellant shape deterred to the large caliber gun propellant charge with high loading density.
125. High Density Hydrocarbon Fuels for Cruise Missile
ZHANG Xiang wen, MI Zhen tao,LI Jia ling
School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China)
Abstract: This paper summarizes the recent development of high density hydrocarbon fuels for cruise missile including polycyclic density hydrocarbon fuels, high density strained hydrocarbon fuels and modification of hydrocarbon fuels by adding high energic carrier. The variety, composition, property parameters and application of these fuels are introduced. Research and development direction of high density hydrocarbon fuels are also presented.
126. Study on the Properties for Dispersed Powders Used in Soft Kill Bombs
XUE Yan, OU Yu xiang
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China)
Abstract: Dispersed powders used in soft kill bombs belong to a newly developed variety of ultrafine powders. It can be filled in artillery or rocket bombs to give new soft killing effects. In this paper, the performances of these kind of powders and their determinantion methods are described. In addition, several samples were prepared and their properites were determined and analyzed.
127. Design and Analysis of 50mm Standard Motor
CHENG Li ping, WANG Xiu wei, SUN Man xin, GAO Lin hu
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China)
Abstract: This paper describes the importance of the standardization of the 50mm test motor in propellant studying. The design idea of the motor is introduced in the paper. There are significant test data which indicate the reliability and stablilty of the standard motor.
128. The Analysis on Iron Package's Swelled Reasons of Cartridge
YANG Li ming
The small arms system research institute, PLA, Beijing 102202, China)
Abstract: This paper discuses the swelled reasons about iron peckages of long time stock cartridge, and the main factors of making packages swelled was found.
129. Design and Test of General Line Shape Detonation Implement
DING Jun, ZHEN Zong yuan, LIU Zhi yang, ZHAO Xiu chao, SUN Shuan zhu
The PLA 87316th Unit, Nanjing 210028, China)
Abstract: General line shape detonation implement used in shaped charge was designed to overcome the shortage of detonating aircraft bomb with explosive bag. The implement can be used to break the shells and to detonate all kind of conventional aircraft bombs. The design, test of the implemint and the result of the test are introduced in this paper.
130. Experimental Investigation on the Humidity proof Properties of Aluminum plastic Complex Material
YI Fang, LI Qi zhi
The PLA 87316 th unit, Nanjing 210028, China)
Abstract: The aluminum plastic complex material has been found to have good humidity proof property by experimental investigation.This kind of material can meet all the seal requirements of special aerial ammunitions and be used in their seal packages.
131. Study on Optimization for Factors Controlling FAEs Cloud
XIAO Shao qing, BAI Chun hua, LI Jin
Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
Abstract: By the orthogonal test method,the three factors,which play important roles in creating the cloud,are put stress on study.Thus the better factors to realize the ideal clouds are obtained.
132. Studies on the Quantitative Relation between the Penetration Performance and Explosive Properties
WANG Ke qiang
East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)
Abstract: The relation between explosive properties and penetration performance was studied in this paper, and two equations were proposed to calculate the penetration depth h and penetration volume V from the detonation pressure P. The calculated results showed that the calculated values of h and V for explosives and mixture explosives were in good agreement with the experimental data,the mean absolute deviations were 5.64 mm and 1.53cm 3 respectively,which were close to experimental error range.Not only can the quantitative relation developed in thhis paper be used to calculate the pentration depth h and penetration volume V from the detonation pressure P ,but it can help to develop new explosives.
133. Desensitive Ammunition and New Techniques of Safe Reliable Initiation
GAO Gui ping
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065,China)
Abstract: A general description on the development of desensitive ammunition in foreign countries is given and some initiation models of desensitive ammunition are presented.
134. Elements of Hollow charge Warhead Precise charge and Its Experiment
Hu Huanxing
Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xian 710065)
Abstract: The elements that effect the hollow charge warhead precise charge such as explosive characters, state of stress,relation ships of constitutive relation and critical conditions during pressing are discussed. The factors that effect the loading density are studied using plastic bonded explosive.
135. FAE Fuel Throw and Control of Cloud State
Hui Junming
Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094)
Abstract: The fuel throw and control of cloud state are one of impertant ways to increase FAE power.In this paper related problem to fuel throw and spray was discussed. On the basis of experiments, the relations of the condition of cloud detonation are summarized.
136. The Pressure Distribution Laws in Bore of Gun on the Condition of the Proportien Expand Hypothesis
Luo Yunjun Tan Huimin
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)
Abstract: In this paper, the mathematics formula of the pressure distribution laws at back of projectile space was established anew. It is very important for us to recognize the physical process of gun in bore deeply and accurately.
137. The Performance Study of Shaped Charge Liner
Zang Taocheng Hu Huanxing * Shao Qi *
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094; *Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065)
Abstract: The Performance of Cu Al composite liner has been analyzed in theory and has been studied through X ray measure and penetration tese. Finally the test results is discussed.
138. High tech Weapon Systems and Advanced Technology of Propellants and Explosives
Li Shangwen Zhao Fengqi Wang Qionglin Wang Xiaofeng
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065)
Abstract: Some backgrounds of high tech and military high tech are disscussed in this paper. Some facts reveal that advanced technology of propellants and explosives is very important for a high technology weapon system.
139. Study on Effect of Deterrents on Gun Muzzle Smoke
Wang Qionglin Liu Shaowu Wu Jianjun
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065)
Abstract: A new method to measure gun muzzle smoke is adopt to investigate the influence of some gun propellant deterrents. Tests show that deterrent is one of the most important factor to result in gun muzzle smoke. Lowering the amount of deterrent in propellant or using some deterrents containing high percentage of oxygen will decrease gun muzzle somke effectively.
140. Precision Casting Techniques Used in Simulated Lightweight Armor defeating Projectile
Wang Jikai Xiao Chuan Xie Like
Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065)
Abstract: The precision casting technique is introduced in the paper, which involves explosive size grading, vacuum vibration, programmed cooling process for the charges and so on. An advanced technique and equipment are developed and successfully applied in the composition of lightweight armor defeating projectile as well as the charge technics. With this technique, the charges achieved the following property: the solid content of more than88%,relative density of more98%,good density uniformity,detonation velocity of 8666±16m/s(ρ=1.83g/cm 3), and no cracks, no shrink holes and no porosities.
141. Detonation Process of 2kg Test Bomb with Single event lgnition Structure
Zhao Yukun Bai Chunhua Sun Xiaoming Pu Jiashun
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)
Abstract: Based on the trinary solid shape FAE fuel of dispersed detonation ,large quantities corresponding experimental investigation are carried out to study the 2kg test bombs. The detonation process in high quality is the coordinate result of all component parts. More component part(Ⅱ) can delay the fuel reaction, ensuring there is sufficient oxygen when aluminum power reacts. A optimized fuel formula is obtained for the 2kg test bomb, and it is very helpful for more study about the fuel used in weapons.
142. To Design The Experimental Motor ,s Work Pressure through the Solid Propellant ,s Burning Rate
Chen Guangxing Wang Xiuwei Sun Manxin
Xi ,an modern Chemistry Research Institure,Xi ,an 710065)
Abstract: The paper introduces to design the experimental motor ,s work pressure through the solid propellant ,s burning rate of the constant pressure burning rate machine and some energy data. so when doing motor ,s experiment for a new propellant formula, we can easy compute the solid propellant ,s surface throat ratio according to this method.
143. Storage Test of the Liner of the Case Bonding Composite Solid Propellants Charge
Liu Yaqing Huang Jizu
North China Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030051)
Abstract: This article deals with the liner and its function of the case bonding composite solid propellants charge, and summarize the storage of liners of PS 1 and PS 2 two kinds of case bonding composite solid propellants charge which are named BK 1 and BK 2.According to the experiment results on uncontrolled condition indoors, BK 1 can be stored for eight years while BK 2 six years with constant performance . Essential attention should be paid to the anti rust of steel shelled engine loud with composite solid propellant.
144. Recent Progress of Bipropellants for Torpedo
Mi Zhentao Qiu Liqin
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072)
Abstract: This paper summarizes the recent progress of bipropellants for the new kinds of hot power torpedo in the nineties. These bipropellant systems of good performance including hydroxylamine perchlorate, hydrogen peroxide system and the system of chemical energy propulsion storage constituted by Li/SF 6 are introduced. Their composition , property parameters and application are also presented.
145. Recent Progress in Spherical Powder
Lu Anfang Yun Xiaokan Chen Xingquan
The Research Institute No.204 of China Ordnance Industry Corporation, Xian 710065)
Abstract: This paper presented recent progress in spherical powder : technology of spherical powder possessed large diameter size grain and LOVA propellant formulation, and consolidation charge of spherical powder in cartridge case since 1980s. Their character and possibility of application in various weaponry were described as well.
146. Dispersed Detonation of Multinary Fuel Mixture
Pu Jiashun Bai Chunhua Liang Huimin Ding Jing
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)
Abstract: Dipersed detonation of multinary fuel mixture is studied, and corresponding experiments have achieved this kind of multiphase detonation. As soon as the process of dispersion corresponding with detonation, contained fuel can be mixed and ignited dynamiclly in air or some other gas environment. The character of explosion field is from lower to higher, different from that of high explosive. The study of corresponding experiments in various blast gas shows that, while the fuel detonating and dispersing, the oxygen of environment adds to the reactions. Comparing with the detonation of fuel itself, it has aneffect of “superenergesis”.
147. Studies on the Relationship between Molecular Structure of Explosives and Their Ability for Accelerating Metal
Wang Keqiang
East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237)
Abstract: Based on the quantum mechanics and chemical dynamics, the relationship between molecular structure of explosives and their ability for accelerating metal was studied, and it was found out the conjugate explosives have the characteristic of releasing energy rapidly, but the energy releasing rate of non conjugate explosives is not as fast as that of conjugate explosives, and the molecular structure of explosives is a main factor that affects the metal accelerating ability of explosives.
148. Experimental Study on the Formation of FAE Cloud
Xue Shesheng Liu Jiacong
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094)
Abstract: The experiments was carried out on study of formation of FAE cloud using high speed photography. After analyzing the experimental data, fuel air cloud′s shapes and the curves of expanding cloud′s velocity against time during fuels explosive dispersion was given, and qualitative analysis of the charactristics of cloud movement was given too.
149. Application of the Orthogonal Design Method in the Studies of the Self-forged Charge
Liao Zhengquan
Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xian 710065)
Abstract: In the research of self forging charge the orthogonal design method is used to arrange tests. By variance analysis we acquired a satisfactory result.
150. Measurement and Account Method for the Available Standing Time of a Smoke Screen Applying the Diffusion Equation
Zhu Chen-Guang, Pan Gong-Pei, Wu Xiao-Yun, Guan Hua [308, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, P.R. China], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 31: 226–229.
Abstract: The available shielding area of a smoke screen is an important parameter to evaluate its protection capability. It varies with time according to a parabola equation, which could be obtained by the diffusion equation and a few measured data. The available standing time which could satisfy the request of rating area can be calculated. The process of deriving the equation, the experimental procedure and the method of data collecting and processing is presented in detail in this paper. The calculated result is compared with engineering experience to verify the method.
151. Dense Fragment Generator
Qian Lixin, Qu Ming,Wen Yu, Zhu Yongqing [Institute of Structural Mechanics, CAEP, P.O.Box 919-414, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, (P. R. China)], Jiang Daojian [China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-6, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, (P. R. China)], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 27: 267–278.
Abstract: In this paper, the design method for a dense fragment generator, based on the directed drive principle of cylindrical cased explosive with fragments at one end, was examined. The model parameters of three types of fragment generators with central angle of the liners being 10°, 20° and 30° respectively, were given. Both analytical and numerical methods were used to predict or simulate the performances of the fragment shower produced by the fragment generators. In the static tests of the fragment generator, a target mesh was used to determine the velocity distribution of the fragment shower. Through adjusting the target distance, the phenomenon and character of the target damage at different distances caused by a dense fragment shower was studied. The synergistic effect occurred in all six shots (two shots for each type) of the generator test, in which the target distances were 1 m to 6 m and the thickness of the steel target plate was 3 mm. Finally, cumulative effects and additive effects occurring in the tests were defined and a preliminary analysis was undertaken.
152. Fragment Shot-Line Model for Air-Defence Warhead
Qian Lixin, Liu Tong [Institute of Structural Mechanics, CAEP, P.O. Box 521, Chengdu, 610003 (P.R. China)], Zhang Shouqi, Yang Yunbin [China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 501, Chengdu, 610003 (P.R. China)], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 25: 92–98.
Abstract: In this paper, a shot-line model that describes the process of air-defense warhead explosion and the fragment dispersion was developed, in which natural fragment warheads, controlled fragment warheads, performed fragment warheads, multi-P-charge warheads, fragment focusing warheads and continuous rod warheads were included. The shot-line model is applied to both static and real dynamic conditions. The air drag and the fragment tumbling that influence the impact velocity and the ballistic deviation of the fragment and the penetration prediction in the terminal effectiveness analysis were considered.
153. An Anti Tactical Ballistic Missile (ATBM) Warhead
Zhang Shouqi [China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610003, (P.R. China)], Yang Yunbin [Institute of Structural Mechanics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-414, Mianyang 6219000, Sichuan (P.R. China)], Qian Lixin, Liu Tong [Institute of Structural Mechanics, CAEP, P.O. Box 919-414, Mianyang 6219000, Sichuan (P.R. China) and Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094 (P.R. China)], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 25: 149–152.
Abstract: The concept of an ATBM warhead that disperses about one thousand rods is presented. The intersection of an ATBM and a target as well as the fuze-warhead coordination was analyzed. A model warhead that can control the distribution density of the rod was developed and demonstrated by a scaled experiment. This design would be an extension of the hit-to-kill warhead concept.
154. Theoretical and Experimental Research on the Throat to Port Area Ratio in a Solid Rocket Motor
N. F. Wang, W. Feng [Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi (P.R. China)], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 24: 246–248.
Abstract: Through the theoretical analysis on critical ratio of the throat to port area J in a solid rocket motor, the authors believe that there is a maximum Jmax. For different ratio of specific heats k, the value of Jmax is about 0.56. If the designed J is greater than Jmax the chamber pressure will be Pomin greater than the designed pressure pd. The theory is further confirmed by the comparing of calculation with a serial experiments in a real rocket motor.
155. Study on Fragment Focusing Mode of Air-Defense Missile Warhead
Liu Tong1, Qian Lixin [Institute of Structural Mechanics, CAEP, P.O. Box 521, Chengdu 610003(China)], Zhang Shouqi[China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 501, Chengdu 610003(China)], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 23: 240–243.
Abstract: In this paper, the problems in the current fragment focusing warhead is analyzed and a so-called double-beam fragment focusing warhead is developed, which can produce two beam rings of concentrated fragments. The main advantages of this warhead are pointed out. This design has been proved to be practical by experiments.
156. Behavior of an Inclined Jet after Penetration in a Contact Surface
Zhang Guanren [Southwest Institute of Fluid Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610003 (P.R. China)], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 22: 4–5.
Abstract: Experimental facts show that when the direction of a metallic jet is inclined to the target surface, the penetration length may be decreased enormously. In this paper, the author proves this phenomena by a theoretical analysis. The conclusion could also be used in the respect of anti-hollow charge warheads.
157. Copper-Tungsten Shaped Charge Liner and its Jet
Wang Tie-Fu, Zhu He-Rong [Ballistic Research Laboratory of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094 (P.R. China)], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 21: 193–195.
Abstract: The use of copper-tungsten alloys for shaped charge liners leads to an improving of the jet penetrability into an homogeneous steel target. In comparison with copper jets, the penetration depth can be increased by a factor 1.3. The improving is due to the increasing of both the density and the break-up time. Copper-tungsten shaped charge jets and their aspect of break-up were investigated by flash radiography. Both the effect of rotation of copper-tungsten jets and their standoff performance were examined.
158. The Simplified Model for Predicting Shaped Charge Jet Parameters
Liu Gui-Xi [Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xian, 710061 (China)], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 20: 279–282.
Abstract: The model is based on the more recent work of Hirsch and the original analytical work of Pugh, Eichelberger and Rostoker. Namely, the simplified Gurney formula for imploding cylinders derived by Hirsch is combined with the PER theory forming one-dimensional computer code, and then it is used for predicting the 80-mm diameter shaped charge jet parameters. Good agreement has been found with the experimental results.
159. Time calculation for the after-cure cooling process of the cast modified double base propellant in a large rocket motor
Jia Zhanning [Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (P.R. China)], Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 20: 147–149.
Abstract: An unsteady heat conduction model is proposed to calculate the temperature distribution of the case-bonded rocket motors and the time required for the cooling process based on the experimentally determined thermal and mechanical parameters of a cast modified double base propellant (CMDB) and its glass steel shell. The resultant value of the time is then used to derive the corresponding stress relaxation modulus, which is compared with the modulus data obtained from uniaxial tensile stress relaxation experiments to see if the internal stress has been thoroughly relaxed within this period of time.
160. Experimental Study on Damage to Explosive Charge by Impact Load in the Process of Penetration
CHEN Wen,ZHANG Qing-ming,HU Xiao-dong and BAI Run-qing, .chinese journal of energetic materials,2009,17(3):321~325.
Abstract: With respect to the explosive charge unsafety caused by high-speed earth penetrator，the penetration test was carried out with subscale projectiles，and the test projectiles were recovered to check the variations of appearance and density of explosive charges. Baffle test was also performed to test the thickness variations of critical baffle and the effects of the impact loads on the damaged to explosive charge in the process of penetration were studied further. Results show that the damages to the explosive charge at different positions are different (it is more serious in the front and rear section compared with that in the middle section)，and the damages increase with the increasing of penetration velocity and the shock sensitivity is improved remarkably.
161. Effect of Warhead Rotation on the Launching Safety of Solid-Liquid Mixed Charge
DUAN Yun,ZHANG Qi and LI Wei, chinese journal of energetic materials,2009,17(4):424~427
Abstract: Conservation equation of energy based on the physical property of solid-liquid mixed charge and the heat caused by the friction between shell and charge during launching, was established and calculated by finite difference method to analyze the launching safety of solid-liquid mixed charge. Results show that the maximum temperature of charge reach 542 K when the warhead rotation speed is 40 r•s-1, and the warhead rotation is the main hazard source in the launch process of solid-liquid mixed charge
162. Experimental Investigation of Jet Formation of Cylinder-Cone Shaped Charge
GU Wen-bin,QU Hong-rong and TANG Yong, chinese journal of energetic materials,2009,17(4):470~474
Abstract: In order to study jet formation of the cylinder-cone liner,the formation of cylinder-cone shaped charge was studied by using 300 kV pulse X-ray apparatus. The jet formation of shaped charge was analyzed by numerical simulation. Eighteen X-ray photographs were obtained from 9 experiments. The radiographs of the liner collapse were analyzed at different times. Curves of the jet tip velocity and the jet length vs time were obtained. The results show that the cylinder part of the liner can only produce low speed slug, which has no contribution to increasing the mass and velocity of the jet. Because of the “effects of shock wave”,the jet tip velocity is smaller than that by numerical simulation.
163. Comparison of Blast Power of Aluminized Explosive and Single-event FAE
LIU Ke-zhong,XU Geng-guang,XIN Chun-liang,YANG Zhen-lei and QIN Jian, chinese journal of energetic materials,2009,17(5):554~557
Abstract: Blast power of JHL-2 aluminized explosive and a single-event fuel air explosion (FAE) was compared. Two types of explosives were kilogram-level charged and pressure-time curves of shock wave at 3 m, 5 m and 7 m away from explosion center were obtained. Results show that when the charged volumes are the same,the peak pressures of JHL-2 are increased by 13.5%,39.0% and 18.5% higher than that of the single-event FAE at 3 m, 5 m and 7 m away from explosion center respectively,and the positive phases of JHL-2 are increased by 21.5%,22.7% and 16.5% higher than that of the single-event FAE,while the positive phase durations of JHL-2 are shorter than that of the single-event FAE. Results show that blast power of aluminized explosive can achieve and even overtake that of single-event FAE.
164. The Application Study of Affixed Cover in Forming Process of EFP with Fins
LIN Jia-jian,SHEN Zhao-wu and REN Hui-qi, chinese journal of energetic materials,2009,17(5):588~593
Abstract: The explosively formed projectile(EFP) with fins for a cover charge structure by LS-DYNA software which four covers were conglutinated on the liner was studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation. The mechanism of forming EFP with fins was discussed based on the curves of velocity and pressure vs time of the liners. A contrastive analysis was carried out on the three kinds of liners which include big-cone shaped liner, imperfect-sphere shaped liner and arc-cone shaped liner. Results show that three kinds of liners can form obvious fins and the velocity of the big-cone shaped liner is the fastest. The experimental results agree with the simulational results basically.
165. Compound Reactive Fragment Penetrating Steel Target
SHUAI Jun-feng,JIANG Jian-wei,WANG Shu-you,MENG Jian-bing1 and XIE Chang-you, chinese journal of energetic materials,2009,17(6):722~725
Abstract: The damage effects of compound reactive fragment on steel target were studied. Using Ф12.7 mm ballistic gun, the tests of compound reactive fragment penetrating A3 steel target were carried out and recorded by a high speed camera. Results show that phenomenon of burning and explosion are obvious while reactive fragments penetrate target. The effect of deflagration produced by compound fragments with titanium powder and PTFE materials are better than that of fragments with aluminum powder and PTFE materials. The compound reactive fragment with thicker shell have a better penetrating effect on target. Comparing with the same dimension of inert steel fragment, the hole diameter of penetrating target is increased by about 40% for compound reactive fragment.
166. Application of a New Gun Propellant in Barrel Additional Charge
ZHANG Jiang-bo,YANG Yan,ZHANG Yu-cheng,JIANG Shu-jun,YU Bin and WANG Feng, chinese journal of energetic materials,2010,18(2):192~195
Abstract: An experimental device that additional chambers were mounted on a barrel of 14.5 mm ballistic machine gun was adopted in order to study the pressure platform-like effect of increasing muzzle velocity with a barrel additional charge. The 6/7-XDGZB gun propellant was used as the main charge, and the 4/1-XDZJ was used as the additional charge. The results of closed bomb experiment and interior ballistic experiment show that the 6/7-XDGZB gun propellant has the characteristics of lower initial burning rate, and the 4/1-XDZJ gun perpellant with higher burning rate has property of regressive burning. The two charges burn in coordination in their respective chambers, and the muzzle velocity of the additional charge can rise from 981 m•s-1 to 1063 m•s-1 compared to the blank charge (i.e. main charge only, no additional charge) under the condition in keeping the maximum pressure unchanged, and piezometric efficiency can rise from 0.47 to 0.58
167. Target Determination Technology on Detonation Gaseous Products of a Thermo-baric Warhead
HU Lan,LIU Hong-ni,REN Chun-yan and ZHANG Ting, chinese journal of energetic materials,2010,18(2):196~199
Abstract: A suit of on-line test equipment based on electrochemical sensor was used to determine detonation gaseous products of a thermo-baric warhead. The arrangement and protection of the equipment was investigated, and the concentration-time curves of gaseous products in thermo-baric warhead detonation were obtained. The anoxia asphyxia effect and the miasma asphyxia effect were proposed and calculated. Detonation gases determination results of three kinds of charges show that the anoxia asphyxia and miasma asphyxia effects of thermo-baric warhead are stronger than that of normal charge, and the anoxia asphyxia effect is more obvious than CO miasma asphyxia effect.
